--- title: 2 Samuel 12:3 — but the poor man had nothing save one little ewe lamb, which he had… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: but the poor man had nothing save one little ewe lamb, which he had bought and reared; and it grew up together with him, and with his children; it did eat of his own morsel, and drank of his own cup, and lay in his bosom, and was unto him as a daughter. Who acts: poor man, lamb, poor. 2 Samuel 12:3 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.12.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/12/) / 12:3 # 2 Samuel 12:3 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** poor man, lamb, poor · **What happens:** have, buy, rear, grow up, eat, drink · **To what, where:** nothing, one little ewe lamb, bosom This is 2 Samuel 12:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — poor man, lamb, poor — and what happens in the verse to nothing, one little ewe lamb, bosom, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְלָרָ֣שׁ אֵֽין־כֹּ֗ל כִּי֩ אִם־כִּבְשָׂ֨ה אַחַ֤ת קְטַנָּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָנָ֔ה וַיְחַיֶּ֕הָ וַתִּגְדַּ֥ל עִמּ֛וֹ וְעִם־בָּנָ֖יו יַחְדָּ֑ו מִפִּתּ֨וֹ תֹאכַ֜ל וּמִכֹּס֤וֹ תִשְׁתֶּה֙ וּבְחֵיק֣וֹ תִשְׁכָּ֔ב וַתְּהִי־ל֖וֹ כְּבַֽת׃ [but the poor man had nothing save one little ewe lamb, which he had bought and reared; and it grew up together with him, and with his children; it did eat of his own morsel, and drank of his own cup, and lay in his bosom, and was unto him as a daughter.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.301/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:266 # text = וְלָרָ֣שׁ אֵֽין־כֹּ֗ל כִּי֩ אִם־כִּבְשָׂ֨ה אַחַ֤ת קְטַנָּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָנָ֔ה וַיְחַיֶּ֕הָ וַתִּגְדַּ֥ל עִמּ֛וֹ וְעִם־בָּנָ֖יו יַחְדָּ֑ו מִפִּתּ֨וֹ תֹאכַ֜ל וּמִכֹּס֤וֹ תִשְׁתֶּה֙ וּבְחֵיק֣וֹ תִשְׁכָּ֔ב וַתְּהִי־ל֖וֹ כְּבַֽת׃ # verse = 2SA.12.3 1-4 וְלָרָ֣שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_12:3!1|MId=o100120030011|Strong=2050b 2 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_12:3!1|MId=o100120030012|Strong=3807a 3 ה הַ SCONJ _ _ 4 mark _ Gloss=the.poor|Ref=2SA_12:3!1|MId=o100120030012ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 רָ֣שׁ רוּשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 5 advcl _ Gloss=[man]|Ref=2SA_12:3!1|MId=o100120030013|Strong=7326|Type=participle_active 5 אֵֽין־ אַיִן ADV _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=there.[belonged].not|Ref=2SA_12:3!2|MId=o100120030021|Strong=0369|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 6 כֹּ֗ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Gloss=anything|Ref=2SA_12:3!3|MId=o100120030031|Strong=3605 7 כִּי֩ כִּי SCONJ _ ExtPos=SCONJ 9 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=2SA_12:3!4|MId=o100120030041|Strong=3588 8 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 7 fixed _ Gloss=(if)|Ref=2SA_12:3!5|MId=o100120030051|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 9 כִּבְשָׂ֨ה כִּבְשָׂה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 parataxis _ Gloss=a.ewe-lamb|Ref=2SA_12:3!6|MId=o100120030061|Strong=3535 10 אַחַ֤ת אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 nummod _ Gloss=one|Ref=2SA_12:3!7|MId=o100120030071|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 11 קְטַנָּה֙ קָטָן ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 amod _ Gloss=small|Ref=2SA_12:3!8|MId=o100120030081|Strong=6996|Type=adjective 12 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 13 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=2SA_12:3!9|MId=o100120030091|Strong=0834|Type=relative 13 קָנָ֔ה קָנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 9 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.had.acquired|Ref=2SA_12:3!10|MId=o100120030101|Strong=7069|Frame=A0:100120030014;A1:100120030061;|Type=qatal 14-16 וַיְחַיֶּ֕הָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_12:3!11|MId=o100120030111|Strong=2050b 15 יְחַיּ חָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=2SA_12:3!11|MId=o100120030112|Strong=2421|Frame=A0:100120030014;A1:100120030113;|Type=wayyiqtol 16 ֶ֕הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 obj _ Gloss=nourished.it|Ref=2SA_12:3!11|MId=o100120030113|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 17-18 וַתִּגְדַּ֥ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_12:3!12|MId=o100120030121|Strong=2050b 18 תִּגְדַּ֥ל גָּדַל VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=it.grew.up|Ref=2SA_12:3!12|MId=o100120030122|Strong=1431|Frame=A0:100120030061;|Type=wayyiqtol 19-20 עִמּ֛וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=2SA_12:3!13|MId=o100120030131|Strong=5973 20 ֛וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_12:3!13|MId=o100120030132|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 21-22 וְעִם־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_12:3!14|MId=o100120030141|Strong=2050b 22 עִם־ עִם ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=2SA_12:3!14|MId=o100120030142|Strong=5973 23-24 בָּנָ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בָּנָ֖י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 conj _ Gloss=children|Ref=2SA_12:3!15|MId=o100120030151|Strong=1121 24 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_12:3!15|MId=o100120030152|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 25 יַחְדָּ֑ו יָחְדָּו ADV _ _ 18 advmod _ Gloss=together|Ref=2SA_12:3!16|MId=o100120030161|Strong=3162a 26-28 מִפִּתּ֨וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2SA_12:3!17|MId=o100120030171|Strong=4480 27 פִּתּ פַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 29 obl _ Gloss=his.piece|Ref=2SA_12:3!17|MId=o100120030172|Strong=6595 28 ֨וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[of.bread]|Ref=2SA_12:3!17|MId=o100120030173|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 29 תֹאכַ֜ל אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 parataxis _ Gloss=it.ate|Ref=2SA_12:3!18|MId=o100120030181|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:100120030061;|Type=yiqtol 30-33 וּמִכֹּס֤וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_12:3!19|MId=o100120030191|Strong=2050b 31 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2SA_12:3!19|MId=o100120030192|Strong=4480 32 כֹּס כּוֹס NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 34 obl _ Gloss=cup|Ref=2SA_12:3!19|MId=o100120030193|Strong=3563 33 ֤וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_12:3!19|MId=o100120030194|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 34 תִשְׁתֶּה֙ שָׁתָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=it.drank|Ref=2SA_12:3!20|MId=o100120030201|Strong=8354|Frame=A0:100120030061;|Type=yiqtol 35-38 וּבְחֵיק֣וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 39 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_12:3!21|MId=o100120030211|Strong=2050b 36 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_12:3!21|MId=o100120030212|Strong=0871a 37 חֵיק חֵיק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 39 obl _ Gloss=bosom|Ref=2SA_12:3!21|MId=o100120030213|Strong=2436 38 ֣וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_12:3!21|MId=o100120030214|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 39 תִשְׁכָּ֔ב שָׁכַב VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=it.lay.down|Ref=2SA_12:3!22|MId=o100120030221|Strong=7901|Frame=A0:100120030061;|Type=yiqtol 40-41 וַתְּהִי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 41 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_12:3!23|MId=o100120030231|Strong=2050b 41 תְּהִי־ הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=2SA_12:3!23|MId=o100120030232|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:100120030061;|Type=wayyiqtol 42-43 ל֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 ל לְ ADP _ _ 43 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_12:3!24|MId=o100120030241|Strong=3807a 43 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 41 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_12:3!24|MId=o100120030242|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 44-45 כְּבַֽת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 45 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=2SA_12:3!25|MId=o100120030251|Strong=3509a 45 בַֽת בַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 41 obl _ Gloss=a.daughter|Ref=2SA_12:3!25|MId=o100120030252|Strong=1323 46 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 45 punct _ Ref=2SA_12:3!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | קָנָה *he had acquired* | qatal · qal | | כִּבְשָׂה *a ewe-lamb* | | | | יְחַיּ *he* | wayyiqtol · piel | | ֶהָ *nourished it* | | | | תִּגְדַּל *it grew up* | wayyiqtol · qal | כִּבְשָׂה *a ewe-lamb* | | | | | תֹאכַל *it ate* | yiqtol · qal | כִּבְשָׂה *a ewe-lamb* | | | | | תִשְׁתֶּה *it drank* | yiqtol · qal | כִּבְשָׂה *a ewe-lamb* | | | | | תִשְׁכָּב *it lay down* | yiqtol · qal | כִּבְשָׂה *a ewe-lamb* | | | | | תְּהִי־ *it was* | wayyiqtol · qal | כִּבְשָׂה *a ewe-lamb* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּלְמִסְכֵּינָא לֵית כָּל מִדָעַם אֱלָהֵין אִמַרְתָּא חֲדָא זְעֵירָא דְזַבְּנָא וְקַיְימָהּ וּרְבַת עִמֵיהּ וְעִם בְּנוֹהִי כַּחֲדָא מִפִּתֵּיהּ אֲכָלַת וּמִכּוֹסֵיהּ שַׁתְיָא וּבְחֵיקֵיהּ שָׁכְבָא וַהֲוַת לֵיהּ כִּבְרַתָּא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [but the poor man had nothing save one little ewe lamb, which he had bought and reared; and it grew up together with him, and with his children; it did eat of his own morsel, and drank of his own cup, and lay in his bosom, and was unto him as a daughter.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.301/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:266`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 12:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.12.2/) - next →: [2 Samuel 12:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.12.4/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/12/)