--- title: 2 Samuel 12:31 — And he brought forth the people that were therein, and put them unde… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he brought forth the people that were therein, and put them under saws, and under harrows of iron, and under axes of iron, and made them pass through the brickkiln; and thus did he unto all the cities of the children of Ammon. And David and all the people returned unto Jerusalem. Who acts: David --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.12.31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/12/) / 12:31 # 2 Samuel 12:31 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** David, people · **What happens:** bring forth, be, put, make, pass, do · **To what, where:** people, saws, brickkiln This is 2 Samuel 12:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, people — and what happens in the verse to people, saws, brickkiln, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְאֶת־הָעָ֨ם אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֜הּ הוֹצִ֗יא וַיָּ֣שֶׂם בַּ֠מְּגֵרָה וּבַחֲרִצֵ֨י הַבַּרְזֶ֜ל וּֽבְמַגְזְרֹ֣ת הַבַּרְזֶ֗ל וְהֶעֱבִ֤יר אוֹתָם֙ בַּמַּלְבֵּ֔ן וְכֵ֣ן יַעֲשֶׂ֔ה לְכֹ֖ל עָרֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֑וֹן וַיָּ֧שָׁב דָּוִ֛ד וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃פ [And he brought forth the people that were therein, and put them under saws, and under harrows of iron, and under axes of iron, and made them pass through the brickkiln; and thus did he unto all the cities of the children of Ammon.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.336/) [And David and all the people returned unto Jerusalem.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.337/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:294 # text = וְאֶת־הָעָ֨ם אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֜הּ הוֹצִ֗יא וַיָּ֣שֶׂם בַּ֠מְּגֵרָה וּבַחֲרִצֵ֨י הַבַּרְזֶ֜ל וּֽבְמַגְזְרֹ֣ת הַבַּרְזֶ֗ל וְהֶעֱבִ֤יר אוֹתָם֙ בַּמַּלְבֵּ֔ן וְכֵ֣ן יַעֲשֶׂ֔ה לְכֹ֖ל עָרֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֑וֹן וַיָּ֧שָׁב דָּוִ֛ד וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃פ # verse = 2SA.12.31 1-2 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_12:31!1|MId=o100120310011|Strong=2050b 2 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_12:31!1|MId=o100120310012|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 3-4 הָעָ֨ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_12:31!2|MId=o100120310021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 עָ֨ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obj _ Gloss=people|Ref=2SA_12:31!2|MId=o100120310022|Strong=5971 5 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 7 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=2SA_12:31!3|MId=o100120310031|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 6-7 בָּ֜הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=[was].in|Ref=2SA_12:31!4|MId=o100120310041|Strong=0871a 7 ָ֜הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 acl:relcl _ Gloss=it|Ref=2SA_12:31!4|MId=o100120310042|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 8 הוֹצִ֗יא יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.brought.out|Ref=2SA_12:31!5|MId=o100120310051|Strong=3318|Frame=AA:100120300151;A0:100120310022;|Type=qatal 9-10 וַיָּ֣שֶׂם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_12:31!6|MId=o100120310061|Strong=2050b 10 יָּ֣שֶׂם שׂים VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 conj _ Gloss=he.set.[them]|Ref=2SA_12:31!6|MId=o100120310062|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:100120300151;A1:100120310022;|Type=wayyiqtol 11-13 בַּ֠מְּגֵרָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בַּ֠ בְּ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=2SA_12:31!7|MId=o100120310071|Strong=0871a 12 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_12:31!7|MId=o100120310071ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 מְּגֵרָה מְגֵרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=saw[s]|Ref=2SA_12:31!7|MId=o100120310072|Strong=4050 14-16 וּבַחֲרִצֵ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_12:31!8|MId=o100120310081|Strong=2050b 15 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=2SA_12:31!8|MId=o100120310082|Strong=0871a 16 חֲרִצֵ֨י חָרִיץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 conj _ Gloss=the.picks|Ref=2SA_12:31!8|MId=o100120310083|Strong=2757a 17-18 הַבַּרְזֶ֜ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=2SA_12:31!9|MId=o100120310091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 בַּרְזֶ֜ל בַּרְזֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=iron|Ref=2SA_12:31!9|MId=o100120310092|Strong=1270 19-21 וּֽבְמַגְזְרֹ֣ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וּֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_12:31!10|MId=o100120310101|Strong=2050b 20 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=2SA_12:31!10|MId=o100120310102|Strong=0871a 21 מַגְזְרֹ֣ת מַגְזֵרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 13 conj _ Gloss=the.axes|Ref=2SA_12:31!10|MId=o100120310103|Strong=4037 22-23 הַבַּרְזֶ֗ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=2SA_12:31!11|MId=o100120310111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 בַּרְזֶ֗ל בַּרְזֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=iron|Ref=2SA_12:31!11|MId=o100120310112|Strong=1270 24-25 וְהֶעֱבִ֤יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_12:31!12|MId=o100120310121|Strong=2050b 25 הֶעֱבִ֤יר עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 conj _ Gloss=he.caused.to.pass|Ref=2SA_12:31!12|MId=o100120310122|Strong=5674|Frame=AA:100120300151;A0:100120310132;|Type=qatal 26-27 אוֹתָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 אוֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=|Ref=2SA_12:31!13|MId=o100120310131|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 27 ָם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=2SA_12:31!13|MId=o100120310132|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 28-30 בַּמַּלְבֵּ֔ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_12:31!15|MId=o100120310151|Strong=0871a 29 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_12:31!15|MId=o100120310151ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 מַּלְבֵּ֔ן מַלְבֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 obl _ Gloss=brick-mold[s]|Ref=2SA_12:31!15|MId=o100120310152|Strong=4404 31-32 וְכֵ֣ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_12:31!16|MId=o100120310161|Strong=2050b 32 כֵ֣ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 33 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=2SA_12:31!16|MId=o100120310162|Strong=3651|Type=demonstrative 33 יַעֲשֶׂ֔ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 conj _ Gloss=he.did|Ref=2SA_12:31!17|MId=o100120310171|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:100120300151;|Type=yiqtol 34-35 לְכֹ֖ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_12:31!18|MId=o100120310181|Strong=3807a 35 כֹ֖ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=2SA_12:31!18|MId=o100120310182|Strong=3605 36 עָרֵ֣י עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 35 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.cities|Ref=2SA_12:31!19|MId=o100120310191|Strong=5892 37 בְנֵֽי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 36 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.people|Ref=2SA_12:31!20|MId=o100120310201|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 38 עַמּ֑וֹן עַמּוֹן PROPN _ _ 37 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ammon|Ref=2SA_12:31!21|MId=o100120310211|Strong=5983 39-40 וַיָּ֧שָׁב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 40 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_12:31!22|MId=o100120310221|Strong=2050b 40 יָּ֧שָׁב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 conj _ Gloss=he.returned|Ref=2SA_12:31!22|MId=o100120310222|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:100120310231;100120310252;|Type=wayyiqtol 41 דָּוִ֛ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 40 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=2SA_12:31!23|MId=o100120310231|Strong=1732 42-43 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 43 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_12:31!24|MId=o100120310241|Strong=2050b 43 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 41 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=2SA_12:31!24|MId=o100120310242|Strong=3605 44-45 הָעָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 45 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_12:31!25|MId=o100120310251|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 45 עָ֖ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 43 compound:smixut _ Gloss=people|Ref=2SA_12:31!25|MId=o100120310252|Strong=5971 46 יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 40 obl _ Gloss=Jerusalem|Ref=2SA_12:31!26|MId=o100120310261|Strong=3389|SpaceAfter=No 47 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 46 punct _ Ref=2SA_12:31!26|SpaceAfter=No 48 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 46 punct _ Ref=2SA_12:31!26 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הוֹצִיא *he brought out* | qatal · hiphil | עָם *people* | | | | | יָּשֶׂם *he set \[them\]* | wayyiqtol · qal | | עָם *people* | | | | הֶעֱבִיר *he caused to pass* | qatal · hiphil | ָם *them* | | | | | יַעֲשֶׂה *he did* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | יָּשָׁב *he returned* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* + עָם *people* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְיַת עַמָא דְבָהּ אַפֵּיק וּמְסַר יַתְהוֹן בִּמְסָרִין וּבְמוֹרִיגֵי פַרְזְלָא וּבְמִגְזְרֵי פַרְזְלָא וּגְרַר יַתְהוֹן בְּשׁוּקַיָא וְכֵן עֲבַד לְכָל קִירְוֵי בְנֵי עַמוֹן וְתַב דָוִד וְכָל עַמָא לִירוּשְׁלֵם: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he brought forth the people that were therein, and put them under saws, and under harrows of iron, and under axes of iron, and made them pass through the brickkiln; and thus did he unto all the cities of the children of Ammon.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.336/) 2. [And David and all the people returned unto Jerusalem.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.337/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:294`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 12:30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.12.30/) - next →: [2 Samuel 13:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.13.1/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/12/)