--- title: 2 Samuel 12:4 — And there came a traveller unto the rich man, and he spared to take… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And there came a traveller unto the rich man, and he spared to take of his own flock and of his own herd, to dress for the wayfaring man that was come unto him, but took the poor man's lamb, and dressed it for the man that was come to him.' Who acts: traveller. 2 Samuel 12:4 in Hebrew with its depen --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.12.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/12/) / 12:4 # 2 Samuel 12:4 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** traveller · **What happens:** come, spare, take, dress · **To what, where:** wayfaring man, lamb, poor, man This is 2 Samuel 12:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — traveller — and what happens in the verse to wayfaring man, lamb, poor, man, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּ֣בֹא הֵלֶךְ֮ לְאִ֣ישׁ הֶֽעָשִׁיר֒ וַיַּחְמֹ֗ל לָקַ֤חַת מִצֹּאנוֹ֙ וּמִבְּקָר֔וֹ לַעֲשׂ֕וֹת לָאֹרֵ֖חַ הַבָּא־ל֑וֹ וַיִּקַּ֗ח אֶת־כִּבְשַׂת֙ הָאִ֣ישׁ הָרָ֔אשׁ וַֽיַּעֲשֶׂ֔הָ לָאִ֖ישׁ הַבָּ֥א אֵלָֽיו׃ [And there came a traveller unto the rich man, and he spared to take of his own flock and of his own herd, to dress for the wayfaring man that was come unto him, but took the poor man's lamb, and dressed it for the man that was come to him.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.302/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:267 # text = וַיָּ֣בֹא הֵלֶךְ֮ לְאִ֣ישׁ הֶֽעָשִׁיר֒ וַיַּחְמֹ֗ל לָקַ֤חַת מִצֹּאנוֹ֙ וּמִבְּקָר֔וֹ לַעֲשׂ֕וֹת לָאֹרֵ֖חַ הַבָּא־ל֑וֹ וַיִּקַּ֗ח אֶת־כִּבְשַׂת֙ הָאִ֣ישׁ הָרָ֔אשׁ וַֽיַּעֲשֶׂ֔הָ לָאִ֖ישׁ הַבָּ֥א אֵלָֽיו׃ # verse = 2SA.12.4 1-2 וַיָּ֣בֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_12:4!1|MId=o100120040011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּ֣בֹא בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.came|Ref=2SA_12:4!1|MId=o100120040012|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:100120040021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 הֵלֶךְ֮ הֵלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=a.visitor|Ref=2SA_12:4!2|MId=o100120040021|Strong=1982 4-5 לְאִ֣ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to.[the]|Ref=2SA_12:4!3|MId=o100120040031|Strong=3807a 5 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=man|Ref=2SA_12:4!3|MId=o100120040032|Strong=0376 6-7 הֶֽעָשִׁיר֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הֶֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2SA_12:4!4|MId=o100120040041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 עָשִׁיר֒ עָשִׁיר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 amod _ Gloss=rich|Ref=2SA_12:4!4|MId=o100120040042|Strong=6223|Type=adjective 8-9 וַיַּחְמֹ֗ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_12:4!5|MId=o100120040051|Strong=2050b 9 יַּחְמֹ֗ל חָמַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.spared|Ref=2SA_12:4!5|MId=o100120040052|Strong=2550|Frame=A0:100120040032;|Type=wayyiqtol 10-11 לָקַ֤חַת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_12:4!6|MId=o100120040061|Strong=3807a 11 קַ֤חַת לָקַח VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 9 advcl _ Gloss=take|Ref=2SA_12:4!6|MId=o100120040062|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:100120040032;|Type=infinitive_construct 12-14 מִצֹּאנוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=one|Ref=2SA_12:4!7|MId=o100120040071|Strong=4480 13 צֹּאנ צֹאן NOUN _ Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=of|Ref=2SA_12:4!7|MId=o100120040072|Strong=6629 14 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his.own.sheep|Ref=2SA_12:4!7|MId=o100120040073|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 15-18 וּמִבְּקָר֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_12:4!8|MId=o100120040081|Strong=2050b 16 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=one|Ref=2SA_12:4!8|MId=o100120040082|Strong=4480 17 בְּקָר בָּקָר NOUN _ Number=Sing 13 conj _ Gloss=of|Ref=2SA_12:4!8|MId=o100120040083|Strong=1241 18 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his.own.cattle|Ref=2SA_12:4!8|MId=o100120040084|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 19-20 לַעֲשׂ֕וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_12:4!9|MId=o100120040091|Strong=3807a 20 עֲשׂ֕וֹת עָשָׂה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 11 advcl _ Gloss=prepare|Ref=2SA_12:4!9|MId=o100120040092|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:100120040032;|Type=infinitive_construct 21-23 לָאֹרֵ֖חַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=2SA_12:4!10|MId=o100120040101|Strong=3807a 22 ה הַ SCONJ _ _ 23 mark _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_12:4!10|MId=o100120040101ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 אֹרֵ֖חַ אָרַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 20 advcl _ Gloss=traveler|Ref=2SA_12:4!10|MId=o100120040102|Strong=0732|Frame=A0:100120040021;|Type=participle_active 24-25 הַבָּא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=[who|Ref=2SA_12:4!11|MId=o100120040111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 בָּא־ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 23 acl:relcl _ Gloss=had].come|Ref=2SA_12:4!11|MId=o100120040112|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:100120040103;|Type=participle_active 26-27 ל֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 ל לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_12:4!12|MId=o100120040121|Strong=3807a 27 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_12:4!12|MId=o100120040122|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 28-29 וַיִּקַּ֗ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_12:4!13|MId=o100120040131|Strong=2050b 29 יִּקַּ֗ח לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.took|Ref=2SA_12:4!13|MId=o100120040132|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:100120040032;A1:100120040151;|Type=wayyiqtol 30 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_12:4!14|MId=o100120040141|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 31 כִּבְשַׂת֙ כִּבְשָׂה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 29 obj _ Gloss=the.ewe-lamb|Ref=2SA_12:4!15|MId=o100120040151|Strong=3535 32-33 הָאִ֣ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 33 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=2SA_12:4!16|MId=o100120040161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 33 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.man|Ref=2SA_12:4!16|MId=o100120040162|Strong=0376 34-35 הָרָ֔אשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 הָ הַ SCONJ _ _ 35 mark _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2SA_12:4!17|MId=o100120040171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 רָ֔אשׁ רוּשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 33 acl:relcl _ Gloss=poor|Ref=2SA_12:4!17|MId=o100120040172|Strong=7326|Frame=A0:100120040162;|Type=participle_active 36-38 וַֽיַּעֲשֶׂ֔הָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 37 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_12:4!18|MId=o100120040181|Strong=2050b 37 יַּעֲשׂ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=2SA_12:4!18|MId=o100120040182|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:100120040032;A1:100120040183;|Type=wayyiqtol 38 ֶ֔הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 obj _ Gloss=prepared.it|Ref=2SA_12:4!18|MId=o100120040183|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 39-41 לָאִ֖ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 41 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=2SA_12:4!19|MId=o100120040191|Strong=3807a 40 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 41 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_12:4!19|MId=o100120040191ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 41 אִ֖ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 37 obl _ Gloss=man|Ref=2SA_12:4!19|MId=o100120040192|Strong=0376 42-43 הַבָּ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 43 mark _ Gloss=[who|Ref=2SA_12:4!20|MId=o100120040201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 43 בָּ֥א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 41 acl:relcl _ Gloss=had].come|Ref=2SA_12:4!20|MId=o100120040202|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:100120040193;|Type=participle_active 44-45 אֵלָֽיו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 אֵלָֽי אֶל ADP _ _ 45 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_12:4!21|MId=o100120040211|Strong=0413 45 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 43 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_12:4!21|MId=o100120040212|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 46 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 45 punct _ Ref=2SA_12:4!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּבֹא *he came* | wayyiqtol · qal | הֵלֶךְ *a visitor* | | | | | יַּחְמֹל *he spared* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *man* | | | | | קַחַת *take* | infinitive construct · qal | אִישׁ *man* | | | | | עֲשׂוֹת *prepare* | infinitive construct · qal | אִישׁ *man* | | | | | אֹרֵחַ *traveler* | participle active · qal | הֵלֶךְ *a visitor* | | | | | בָּא־ *had\] come* | participle active · qal | | | | | | יִּקַּח *he took* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *man* | כִּבְשַׂת *the ewe-lamb* | | | | רָאשׁ *poor* | participle active · qal | אִישׁ *the man* | | | | | יַּעֲשׂ *he* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *man* | ֶהָ *prepared it* | | | | בָּא *had\] come* | participle active · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲתָא אוֹרְחָא לְגַבְרָא עַתִּירָא וְחַס לְמֵיסַב מֵעָנֵיהּ וּמִתּוֹרֵיהּ לְמֶעְבַּד לְאוֹרְחָא דַאֲתָא לֵיהּ וּנְסֵיב יַת אִמַרְתָּא דְגַבְרָא מִסְכֵּינָא וְעַבְדָהּ לְגַבְרָא דַאֲתָא לְוָתֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And there came a traveller unto the rich man, and he spared to take of his own flock and of his own herd, to dress for the wayfaring man that was come unto him, but took the poor man's lamb, and dressed it for the man that was come to him.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.302/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:267`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 12:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.12.3/) - next →: [2 Samuel 12:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.12.5/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/12/)