--- title: 2 Samuel 13:28 — And Absalom commanded his servants, saying: 'Mark ye now, when Amnon… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Absalom commanded his servants, saying: 'Mark ye now, when Amnon's heart is merry with wine; and when I say unto you: Smite Amnon, then kill him, fear not; have not I commanded you? be courageous, and be valiant.' Who acts: Absalom, ye, heart, I. 2 Samuel 13:28 in Hebrew with its dependency tree --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.13.28/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/13/) / 13:28 # 2 Samuel 13:28 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** Absalom, ye, heart, I · **What happens:** command, say, mark, be, smite, kill · **To what, where:** servants, Amnon, you · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 13:28 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Absalom, ye, heart, I — and what happens in the verse to servants, Amnon, you, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְצַו֩ אַבְשָׁל֨וֹם אֶת־נְעָרָ֜יו לֵאמֹ֗ר רְא֣וּ נָ֠א כְּט֨וֹב לֵב־אַמְנ֤וֹן בַּיַּ֙יִן֙ וְאָמַרְתִּ֣י אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם הַכּ֧וּ אֶת־אַמְנ֛וֹן וַהֲמִתֶּ֥ם אֹת֖וֹ אַל־תִּירָ֑אוּ הֲל֗וֹא כִּ֤י אָֽנֹכִי֙ צִוִּ֣יתִי אֶתְכֶ֔ם חִזְק֖וּ וִהְי֥וּ לִבְנֵי־חָֽיִל׃ [And Absalom commanded his servants, saying: 'Mark ye now, when Amnon's heart is merry with wine; and when I say unto you: Smite Amnon, then kill him, fear not; have not I commanded you? be courageous, and be valiant.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.369/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:322 # text = וַיְצַו֩ אַבְשָׁל֨וֹם אֶת־נְעָרָ֜יו לֵאמֹ֗ר רְא֣וּ נָ֠א כְּט֨וֹב לֵב־אַמְנ֤וֹן בַּיַּ֙יִן֙ וְאָמַרְתִּ֣י אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם הַכּ֧וּ אֶת־אַמְנ֛וֹן וַהֲמִתֶּ֥ם אֹת֖וֹ אַל־תִּירָ֑אוּ הֲל֗וֹא כִּ֤י אָֽנֹכִי֙ צִוִּ֣יתִי אֶתְכֶ֔ם חִזְק֖וּ וִהְי֥וּ לִבְנֵי־חָֽיִל׃ # verse = 2SA.13.28 1-2 וַיְצַו֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_13:28!1|MId=o100130280011|Strong=2050b 2 יְצַו֩ צָוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.commanded|Ref=2SA_13:28!1|MId=o100130280012|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:100130280021;A1:100130280041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אַבְשָׁל֨וֹם אַבְשָׁלֹום PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Absalom|Ref=2SA_13:28!2|MId=o100130280021|Strong=0053 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_13:28!3|MId=o100130280031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 נְעָרָ֜יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 נְעָרָ֜י נַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obj _ Gloss=servants|Ref=2SA_13:28!4|MId=o100130280041|Strong=5288 6 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_13:28!4|MId=o100130280042|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7-8 לֵאמֹ֗ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 9 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=2SA_13:28!5|MId=o100130280051|Strong=3807a 8 אמֹ֗ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 7 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=2SA_13:28!5|MId=o100130280052|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100130280021;|Type=infinitive_construct 9 רְא֣וּ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=look|Ref=2SA_13:28!6|MId=o100130280061|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:100130280041;|Type=imperative 10 נָ֠א נָא INTJ _ _ 9 discourse _ Gloss=please|Ref=2SA_13:28!7|MId=o100130280071|Strong=4994|Type=exhortation 11-12 כְּט֨וֹב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=just|Ref=2SA_13:28!8|MId=o100130280081|Strong=3509a 12 ט֨וֹב טוֹב VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 9 advcl _ Gloss=as.is.good|Ref=2SA_13:28!8|MId=o100130280082|Strong=2895|Frame=A0:100130280091;|Type=infinitive_construct 13 לֵב־ לֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=the.heart|Ref=2SA_13:28!9|MId=o100130280091|Strong=3820|SpaceAfter=No 14 אַמְנ֤וֹן אַמְנוֹן PROPN _ _ 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Amnon|Ref=2SA_13:28!10|MId=o100130280101|Strong=0550 15-17 בַּיַּ֙יִן֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=2SA_13:28!11|MId=o100130280111|Strong=0871a 16 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_13:28!11|MId=o100130280111ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 יַּ֙יִן֙ יַיִן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=wine|Ref=2SA_13:28!11|MId=o100130280112|Strong=3196 18-19 וְאָמַרְתִּ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_13:28!12|MId=o100130280121|Strong=2050b 19 אָמַרְתִּ֣י אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 9 conj _ Gloss=I.will.say|Ref=2SA_13:28!12|MId=o100130280122|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100130280021;|Type=weqatal 20-21 אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 אֲלֵי אֶל ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_13:28!13|MId=o100130280131|Strong=0413 21 כֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 19 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=2SA_13:28!13|MId=o100130280132|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 22 הַכּ֧וּ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=2 19 ccomp _ Gloss=strike.down|Ref=2SA_13:28!14|MId=o100130280141|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:100130280041;A0:100130280161;|Type=imperative 23 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_13:28!15|MId=o100130280151|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 24 אַמְנ֛וֹן אַמְנוֹן PROPN _ _ 22 obj _ Gloss=Amnon|Ref=2SA_13:28!16|MId=o100130280161|Strong=0550 25-26 וַהֲמִתֶּ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_13:28!17|MId=o100130280171|Strong=2050b 26 הֲמִתֶּ֥ם מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=2 22 conj _ Gloss=you.will.kill|Ref=2SA_13:28!17|MId=o100130280172|Strong=4191|Frame=AA:100130280041;A0:100130280182;|Type=weqatal 27-28 אֹת֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=|Ref=2SA_13:28!18|MId=o100130280181|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 28 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 obj _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_13:28!18|MId=o100130280182|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 29 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 30 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=2SA_13:28!19|MId=o100130280191|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 30 תִּירָ֑אוּ יָרֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 22 parataxis _ Gloss=be.afraid|Ref=2SA_13:28!20|MId=o100130280201|Strong=3372|Frame=A0:100130280041;|Type=jussive 31-32 הֲל֗וֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 35 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=2SA_13:28!21|MId=o100130280211|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 32 ל֗וֹא לֹא ADV _ _ 35 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=2SA_13:28!21|MId=o100130280212|Strong=3808|Type=negative 33 כִּ֤י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 35 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=2SA_13:28!22|MId=o100130280221|Strong=3588 34 אָֽנֹכִי֙ אָנֹכִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=2SA_13:28!23|MId=o100130280231|Strong=0595|Type=personal 35 צִוִּ֣יתִי צָוָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 30 parataxis _ Gloss=I.have.commanded|Ref=2SA_13:28!24|MId=o100130280241|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:100130280231;A1:100130280252;|Type=qatal 36-37 אֶתְכֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 אֶת אֵת ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=|Ref=2SA_13:28!25|MId=o100130280251|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 37 ְכֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 35 obj _ Gloss=you|Ref=2SA_13:28!25|MId=o100130280252|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 38 חִזְק֖וּ חָזַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 35 ccomp _ Gloss=be.strong|Ref=2SA_13:28!26|MId=o100130280261|Strong=2388|Frame=A0:100130280041;|Type=imperative 39-40 וִהְי֥וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 וִ וְ CCONJ _ _ 42 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_13:28!27|MId=o100130280271|Strong=2050b 40 הְי֥וּ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 42 cop _ Gloss=become|Ref=2SA_13:28!27|MId=o100130280272|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:100130280041;|Type=imperative 41-42 לִבְנֵי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 42 case _ Gloss=(into)|Ref=2SA_13:28!28|MId=o100130280281|Strong=3807a 42 בְנֵי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 38 conj _ Gloss=sons|Ref=2SA_13:28!28|MId=o100130280282|Strong=1121 43 חָֽיִל חַיִל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 42 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.strength|Ref=2SA_13:28!29|MId=o100130280291|Strong=2428|SpaceAfter=No 44 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 43 punct _ Ref=2SA_13:28!29 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - hedged: yes (נָא) - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְצַו *he commanded* | wayyiqtol · piel | אַבְשָׁלוֹם *Absalom* | נְעָרָי *servants* | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | אַבְשָׁלוֹם *Absalom* | | | | | רְאוּ *look* | imperative · qal | נְעָרָי *servants* | | | | | טוֹב *as is good* | infinitive construct · qal | לֵב־ *the heart* | | | | | אָמַרְתִּי *I will say* | weqatal · qal | אַבְשָׁלוֹם *Absalom* | | | | | הַכּוּ *strike down* | imperative · hiphil | אַמְנוֹן *Amnon* | | | נְעָרָי *servants* | | הֲמִתֶּם *you will kill* | weqatal · hiphil | וֹ *him* | | | נְעָרָי *servants* | | **not** תִּירָאוּ *be afraid* | jussive · qal | נְעָרָי *servants* | | | | | **not** צִוִּיתִי *I have commanded* | qatal · piel | אָֽנֹכִי *I* | ְכֶם *you* | | | | חִזְקוּ *be strong* | imperative · qal | נְעָרָי *servants* | | | | | הְיוּ *become* | imperative · qal | נְעָרָי *servants* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּפַקֵיד אַבְשָׁלוֹם יַת עוּלֵימוֹהִי לְמֵימָר חֲזוֹ כְעַן כַּד יִשְׁפַּר לִבָּא דְאַמְנוֹן בְּחַמְרָא וְאֵימַר לְכוֹן קְטוּלוּ יַת אַמְנוֹן וְתִקְטְלוּן יָתֵיהּ לָא תִדְחֲלוּן הֲלָא אֲרֵי אֲנָא פַקְדִית יַתְכוֹן אִתְקִיפוּ וַהֲווֹ לְגַבְרִין גִבָּרִין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Absalom commanded his servants, saying: 'Mark ye now, when Amnon's heart is merry with wine; and when I say unto you: Smite Amnon, then kill him, fear not; have not I commanded you? be courageous, and be valiant.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.369/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:322`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 13:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.13.27/) - next →: [2 Samuel 13:29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.13.29/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/13/)