--- title: 2 Samuel 13:4 — And he said unto him: 'Why, O son of the king, art thou thus becomin… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he said unto him: 'Why, O son of the king, art thou thus becoming leaner from day to day? wilt thou not tell me?' And Amnon said unto him: 'I love Tamar, my brother Absalom's sister.' Who acts: Amnon, thou, I. 2 Samuel 13:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.13.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/13/) / 13:4 # 2 Samuel 13:4 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** Amnon, thou, I · **What happens:** say, become, not tell, love · **To what, where:** me, Tamar · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 13:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Amnon, thou, I — and what happens in the verse to me, Tamar, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ מַדּ֣וּעַ אַ֠תָּה כָּ֣כָה דַּ֤ל בֶּן־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ בַּבֹּ֣קֶר בַּבֹּ֔קֶר הֲל֖וֹא תַּגִּ֣יד לִ֑י וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ אַמְנ֔וֹן אֶת־תָּמָ֗ר אֲח֛וֹת אַבְשָׁלֹ֥ם אָחִ֖י אֲנִ֥י אֹהֵֽב׃ [And he said unto him: 'Why, O son of the king, art thou thus becoming leaner from day to day? wilt thou not tell me?' And Amnon said unto him: 'I love Tamar, my brother Absalom's sister.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.341/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:298 # text = וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ מַדּ֣וּעַ אַ֠תָּה כָּ֣כָה דַּ֤ל בֶּן־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ בַּבֹּ֣קֶר בַּבֹּ֔קֶר הֲל֖וֹא תַּגִּ֣יד לִ֑י וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ אַמְנ֔וֹן אֶת־תָּמָ֗ר אֲח֛וֹת אַבְשָׁלֹ֥ם אָחִ֖י אֲנִ֥י אֹהֵֽב׃ # verse = 2SA.13.4 1-2 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_13:4!1|MId=o100130040011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2SA_13:4!1|MId=o100130040012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100130030092;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 ל֗וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ל לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_13:4!2|MId=o100130040021|Strong=3807a 4 ֗וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_13:4!2|MId=o100130040022|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 5 מַדּ֣וּעַ מַדּוּעַ ADV _ _ 7 advmod _ Gloss=why?|Ref=2SA_13:4!3|MId=o100130040031|Strong=4069|Type=interrogative 6 אַ֠תָּה אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ Gloss=[are].you|Ref=2SA_13:4!4|MId=o100130040041|Strong=0859|Type=personal 7 כָּ֣כָה כָּכָה ADV _ _ 2 ccomp _ Gloss=thus|Ref=2SA_13:4!5|MId=o100130040051|Strong=3602 8 דַּ֤ל דַּל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 amod _ Gloss=weak|Ref=2SA_13:4!6|MId=o100130040061|Strong=1800|Type=adjective 9 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 dislocated _ Gloss=O.son|Ref=2SA_13:4!7|MId=o100130040071|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 10-11 הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=2SA_13:4!8|MId=o100130040081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 מֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=2SA_13:4!8|MId=o100130040082|Strong=4428 12-14 בַּבֹּ֣קֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_13:4!9|MId=o100130040091|Strong=0871a 13 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_13:4!9|MId=o100130040091ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 בֹּ֣קֶר בֹּקֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=morning|Ref=2SA_13:4!9|MId=o100130040092|Strong=1242 15-17 בַּבֹּ֔קֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_13:4!10|MId=o100130040101|Strong=0871a 16 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_13:4!10|MId=o100130040101ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 בֹּ֔קֶר בֹּקֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 conj _ Gloss=morning|Ref=2SA_13:4!10|MId=o100130040102|Strong=1242 18-19 הֲל֖וֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 20 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=2SA_13:4!11|MId=o100130040111|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 19 ל֖וֹא לֹא ADV _ _ 20 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=2SA_13:4!11|MId=o100130040112|Strong=3808|Type=negative 20 תַּגִּ֣יד נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 7 parataxis _ Gloss=will.you.tell|Ref=2SA_13:4!12|MId=o100130040121|Strong=5046|Frame=A0:100130040071;|Type=yiqtol 21-22 לִ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 ל לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_13:4!13|MId=o100130040131|Strong=3807a 22 ִ֑י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 20 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=2SA_13:4!13|MId=o100130040132|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 23-24 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_13:4!14|MId=o100130040141|Strong=2050b 24 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2SA_13:4!14|MId=o100130040142|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100130040161;|Type=wayyiqtol 25-26 לוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 ל לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_13:4!15|MId=o100130040151|Strong=3807a 26 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_13:4!15|MId=o100130040152|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 27 אַמְנ֔וֹן אַמְנוֹן PROPN _ _ 24 nsubj _ Gloss=Amnon|Ref=2SA_13:4!16|MId=o100130040161|Strong=0550 28 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_13:4!17|MId=o100130040171|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 29 תָּמָ֗ר תָּמָר PROPN _ _ 35 obj _ Gloss=Tamar|Ref=2SA_13:4!18|MId=o100130040181|Strong=8559 30 אֲח֛וֹת אָחוֹת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 29 appos _ Gloss=the.sister|Ref=2SA_13:4!19|MId=o100130040191|Strong=0269 31 אַבְשָׁלֹ֥ם אַבְשָׁלֹום PROPN _ _ 30 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Absalom|Ref=2SA_13:4!20|MId=o100130040201|Strong=0053 32-33 אָחִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 אָח אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 appos _ Gloss=brother|Ref=2SA_13:4!21|MId=o100130040211|Strong=0251 33 ִ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=2SA_13:4!21|MId=o100130040212|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 34 אֲנִ֥י אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=2SA_13:4!22|MId=o100130040221|Strong=0589|Type=personal 35 אֹהֵֽב אָהֵב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 24 ccomp _ Gloss=[am].loving|Ref=2SA_13:4!23|MId=o100130040231|Strong=0157|Frame=A1:100130040181;A0:100130040221;|Type=participle_active|SpaceAfter=No 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=2SA_13:4!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | **not** תַּגִּיד *will you tell* | yiqtol · hiphil | בֶּן־ *O son* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַמְנוֹן *Amnon* | | | | | אֹהֵֽב *\[am\] loving* | participle active · qal | אֲנִי *I* | תָּמָר *Tamar* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ מָה דֵין אַתְּ כְּדֵין חֲשׁוֹךְ בַּר מַלְכָּא בִּצְפַר בִּצְפַר הֲלָא תְּחַוֵי לִי וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ אַמְנוֹן יַת תָּמָר אַחְתֵיהּ דְאַבְשָׁלוֹם אֲחִי אֲנָא רָחֵם: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he said unto him: 'Why, O son of the king, art thou thus becoming leaner from day to day? wilt thou not tell me?' And Amnon said unto him: 'I love Tamar, my brother Absalom's sister.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.341/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:298`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 13:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.13.3/) - next →: [2 Samuel 13:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.13.5/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/13/)