--- title: 2 Samuel 14:31 — Then Joab arose, and came to Absalom unto his house, and said unto h… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then Joab arose, and came to Absalom unto his house, and said unto him: 'Wherefore have thy servants set my field on fire?' Who acts: Joab, servants. 2 Samuel 14:31 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.14.31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/14/) / 14:31 # 2 Samuel 14:31 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** Joab, servants · **What happens:** arise, come, say, set · **To what, where:** Absalom, field, fire · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 14:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joab, servants — and what happens in the verse to Absalom, field, fire, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּ֣קָם יוֹאָ֔ב וַיָּבֹ֥א אֶל־אַבְשָׁל֖וֹם הַבָּ֑יְתָה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו לָ֣מָּה הִצִּ֧יתוּ עֲבָדֶ֛ךָ אֶת־הַחֶלְקָ֥ה אֲשֶׁר־לִ֖י בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ [Then Joab arose, and came to Absalom unto his house, and said unto him: 'Wherefore have thy servants set my field on fire?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.415/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:364 # text = וַיָּ֣קָם יוֹאָ֔ב וַיָּבֹ֥א אֶל־אַבְשָׁל֖וֹם הַבָּ֑יְתָה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו לָ֣מָּה הִצִּ֧יתוּ עֲבָדֶ֛ךָ אֶת־הַחֶלְקָ֥ה אֲשֶׁר־לִ֖י בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ # verse = 2SA.14.31 1-2 וַיָּ֣קָם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_14:31!1|MId=o100140310011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּ֣קָם קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.arose|Ref=2SA_14:31!1|MId=o100140310012|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:100140310021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יוֹאָ֔ב יוֹאָב PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Joab|Ref=2SA_14:31!2|MId=o100140310021|Strong=3097 4-5 וַיָּבֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_14:31!3|MId=o100140310031|Strong=2050b 5 יָּבֹ֥א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.went|Ref=2SA_14:31!3|MId=o100140310032|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:100140310021;|Type=wayyiqtol 6 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_14:31!4|MId=o100140310041|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 7 אַבְשָׁל֖וֹם אַבְשָׁלֹום PROPN _ _ 5 obl _ Gloss=Absalom|Ref=2SA_14:31!5|MId=o100140310051|Strong=0053 8-10 הַבָּ֑יְתָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_14:31!6|MId=o100140310061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 בָּ֑יְת בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_14:31!6|MId=o100140310062|Strong=1004 10 ָה ה X _ _ 9 nmod _ Gloss=house|Ref=2SA_14:31!6|MId=o100140310063|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 11-12 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_14:31!7|MId=o100140310071|Strong=2050b 12 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2SA_14:31!7|MId=o100140310072|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100140310021;|Type=wayyiqtol 13-14 אֵלָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 אֵלָ֔י אֶל ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_14:31!8|MId=o100140310081|Strong=0413 14 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_14:31!8|MId=o100140310082|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 15-16 לָ֣מָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לָ֣ לָמָה ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=|Ref=2SA_14:31!9|MId=o100140310091|Strong=3807a 16 מָּה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 17 obl _ Gloss=why?|Ref=2SA_14:31!9|MId=o100140310092|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 17 הִצִּ֧יתוּ יָצַת VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 12 ccomp _ Gloss=have.they.set.on.fire|Ref=2SA_14:31!10|MId=o100140310101|Strong=3341|Frame=AA:100140310111;A0:100140310132;|Type=qatal 18-19 עֲבָדֶ֛ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 עֲבָד עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ Gloss=servants|Ref=2SA_14:31!11|MId=o100140310111|Strong=5650 19 ֶ֛ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=2SA_14:31!11|MId=o100140310112|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 20 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_14:31!12|MId=o100140310121|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 21-22 הַחֶלְקָ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=the.portion|Ref=2SA_14:31!13|MId=o100140310131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 חֶלְקָ֥ה חֶלְקָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 obj _ Gloss=of.land|Ref=2SA_14:31!13|MId=o100140310132|Strong=2513 23 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=2SA_14:31!14|MId=o100140310141|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 24-25 לִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 ל לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=[belongs].to|Ref=2SA_14:31!15|MId=o100140310151|Strong=3807a 25 ִ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 22 acl:relcl _ Gloss=me|Ref=2SA_14:31!15|MId=o100140310152|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 26-28 בָּאֵֽשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=2SA_14:31!16|MId=o100140310161|Strong=0871a 27 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2SA_14:31!16|MId=o100140310161ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 אֵֽשׁ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=fire|Ref=2SA_14:31!16|MId=o100140310162|Strong=0784 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=2SA_14:31!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּקָם *he arose* | wayyiqtol · qal | יוֹאָב *Joab* | | | | | יָּבֹא *he went* | wayyiqtol · qal | יוֹאָב *Joab* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יוֹאָב *Joab* | | | | | הִצִּיתוּ *have they set on fire* | qatal · hiphil | חֶלְקָה *of land* | | | עֲבָד *servants* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְקָם יוֹאָב וַאֲתָא לְוַת אַבְשָׁלוֹם לְבֵיתָא וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ לְמָה אַדְלִיקוּ עַבְדָיִךְ יַת אַחְסַנְתָּא דִילִי בְּנוּרָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then Joab arose, and came to Absalom unto his house, and said unto him: 'Wherefore have thy servants set my field on fire?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.415/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:364`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 14:30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.14.30/) - next →: [2 Samuel 14:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.14.32/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/14/)