--- title: 2 Samuel 15:14 — And David said unto all his servants that were with him at Jerusalem… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And David said unto all his servants that were with him at Jerusalem: 'Arise, and let us flee; or else none of us shall escape from Absalom; make speed to depart, lest he overtake us quickly, and bring down evil upon us, and smite the city with the edge of the sword.' Who acts: David, servants, us, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.15.14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/15/) / 15:14 # 2 Samuel 15:14 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** David, servants, us, none · **What happens:** say, be, arise, let, flee, escape · **To what, where:** Jerusalem, us, Absalom, speed, evil, city · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 15:14 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, servants, us, none — and what happens in the verse to Jerusalem, us, Absalom, speed, evil, city, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּ֠וִד לְכָל־עֲבָדָ֨יו אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֤וֹ בִירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ ק֣וּמוּ וְנִבְרָ֔חָה כִּ֛י לֹא־תִֽהְיֶה־לָּ֥נוּ פְלֵיטָ֖ה מִפְּנֵ֣י אַבְשָׁל֑וֹם מַהֲר֣וּ לָלֶ֗כֶת פֶּן־יְמַהֵ֤ר וְהִשִּׂגָ֙נוּ֙ וְהִדִּ֤יחַ עָלֵ֙ינוּ֙ אֶת־הָ֣רָעָ֔ה וְהִכָּ֥ה הָעִ֖יר לְפִי־חָֽרֶב׃ [And David said unto all his servants that were with him at Jerusalem: 'Arise, and let us flee; or else none of us shall escape from Absalom; make speed to depart, lest he overtake us quickly, and bring down evil upon us, and smite the city with the edge of the sword.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.432/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:380 # text = וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּ֠וִד לְכָל־עֲבָדָ֨יו אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֤וֹ בִירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ ק֣וּמוּ וְנִבְרָ֔חָה כִּ֛י לֹא־תִֽהְיֶה־לָּ֥נוּ פְלֵיטָ֖ה מִפְּנֵ֣י אַבְשָׁל֑וֹם מַהֲר֣וּ לָלֶ֗כֶת פֶּן־יְמַהֵ֤ר וְהִשִּׂגָ֙נוּ֙ וְהִדִּ֤יחַ עָלֵ֙ינוּ֙ אֶת־הָ֣רָעָ֔ה וְהִכָּ֥ה הָעִ֖יר לְפִי־חָֽרֶב׃ # verse = 2SA.15.14 1-2 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_15:14!1|MId=o100150140011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2SA_15:14!1|MId=o100150140012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100150140021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דָּ֠וִד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=2SA_15:14!2|MId=o100150140021|Strong=1732 4-5 לְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_15:14!3|MId=o100150140031|Strong=3807a 5 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=2SA_15:14!3|MId=o100150140032|Strong=3605 6-7 עֲבָדָ֨יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 עֲבָדָ֨י עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=servants|Ref=2SA_15:14!4|MId=o100150140041|Strong=5650 7 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_15:14!4|MId=o100150140042|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 8 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=2SA_15:14!5|MId=o100150140051|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 9-10 אִתּ֤וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 אִתּ אֵת ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=[were].with|Ref=2SA_15:14!6|MId=o100150140061|Strong=0854 10 ֤וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 acl:relcl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_15:14!6|MId=o100150140062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 11-12 בִירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בִ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_15:14!7|MId=o100150140071|Strong=0871a 12 ירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 10 obl _ Gloss=Jerusalem|Ref=2SA_15:14!7|MId=o100150140072|Strong=3389 13 ק֣וּמוּ קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=arise|Ref=2SA_15:14!8|MId=o100150140081|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:100150140041;|Type=imperative 14-15 וְנִבְרָ֔חָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_15:14!9|MId=o100150140091|Strong=2050b 15 נִבְרָ֔חָה בָּרַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 13 conj _ Gloss=let.us.flee|Ref=2SA_15:14!9|MId=o100150140092|Strong=1272|Frame=A0:100150140021;100150140041;|Type=cohortative 16 כִּ֛י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 20 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=2SA_15:14!10|MId=o100150140101|Strong=3588 17 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 20 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=2SA_15:14!11|MId=o100150140111|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 18 תִֽהְיֶה־ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 20 cop _ Gloss=it.will.belong|Ref=2SA_15:14!12|MId=o100150140121|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:100150140141;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 19-20 לָּ֥נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 לּ לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_15:14!13|MId=o100150140131|Strong=3807a 20 ָ֥נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 13 advcl _ Gloss=us|Ref=2SA_15:14!13|MId=o100150140132|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 21 פְלֵיטָ֖ה פְּלֵיטָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=an.escape|Ref=2SA_15:14!14|MId=o100150140141|Strong=6413 22-23 מִפְּנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2SA_15:14!15|MId=o100150140151|Strong=4480 23 פְּנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 20 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=2SA_15:14!15|MId=o100150140152|Strong=6440 24 אַבְשָׁל֑וֹם אַבְשָׁלֹום PROPN _ _ 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Absalom|Ref=2SA_15:14!16|MId=o100150140161|Strong=0053 25 מַהֲר֣וּ מָהַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=2 13 parataxis _ Gloss=hurry|Ref=2SA_15:14!17|MId=o100150140171|Strong=4116|Frame=A0:100150140041;|Type=imperative 26-27 לָלֶ֗כֶת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_15:14!18|MId=o100150140181|Strong=3807a 27 לֶ֗כֶת הלך VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 25 xcomp _ Gloss=go|Ref=2SA_15:14!18|MId=o100150140182|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:100150140041;|Type=infinitive_construct 28 פֶּן־ פֶּן SCONJ _ _ 29 mark _ Gloss=lest|Ref=2SA_15:14!19|MId=o100150140191|Strong=6435|SpaceAfter=No 29 יְמַהֵ֤ר מָהַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 13 advcl _ Gloss=he.should.hurry|Ref=2SA_15:14!20|MId=o100150140201|Strong=4116|Frame=A0:100150140161;|Type=yiqtol 30-32 וְהִשִּׂגָ֙נוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_15:14!21|MId=o100150140211|Strong=2050b 31 הִשִּׂג נָשַׂג VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 29 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=2SA_15:14!21|MId=o100150140212|Strong=5381|Frame=AA:100150140161;A0:100150140213;|Type=weqatal 32 ָ֙נוּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 31 obj _ Gloss=will.overtake.us|Ref=2SA_15:14!21|MId=o100150140213|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 33-34 וְהִדִּ֤יחַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_15:14!22|MId=o100150140221|Strong=2050b 34 הִדִּ֤יחַ נָדַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 29 conj _ Gloss=he.will.thrust|Ref=2SA_15:14!22|MId=o100150140222|Strong=5080a|Frame=AA:100150140161;A0:100150140252;|Type=weqatal 35-36 עָלֵ֙ינוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 עָלֵ֙י עַל ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2SA_15:14!23|MId=o100150140231|Strong=5921 36 נוּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 34 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=2SA_15:14!23|MId=o100150140232|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 37 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_15:14!24|MId=o100150140241|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 38-39 הָ֣רָעָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 הָ֣ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 39 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2SA_15:14!25|MId=o100150140251|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 39 רָעָ֔ה רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 34 obj _ Gloss=calamity|Ref=2SA_15:14!25|MId=o100150140252|Strong=7451b 40-41 וְהִכָּ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 41 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_15:14!26|MId=o100150140261|Strong=2050b 41 הִכָּ֥ה נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 29 conj _ Gloss=he.will.strike.down|Ref=2SA_15:14!26|MId=o100150140262|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:100150140161;A0:100150140272;|Type=weqatal 42-43 הָעִ֖יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 43 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_15:14!27|MId=o100150140271|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 43 עִ֖יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 41 obj _ Gloss=city|Ref=2SA_15:14!27|MId=o100150140272|Strong=5892 44-45 לְפִי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 45 case _ Gloss=to.[the]|Ref=2SA_15:14!28|MId=o100150140281|Strong=3807a 45 פִי־ פֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 41 obl _ Gloss=mouth|Ref=2SA_15:14!28|MId=o100150140282|Strong=6310 46 חָֽרֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 45 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].sword|Ref=2SA_15:14!29|MId=o100150140291|Strong=2719|SpaceAfter=No 47 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 46 punct _ Ref=2SA_15:14!29 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | קוּמוּ *arise* | imperative · qal | עֲבָדָי *servants* | | | | | נִבְרָחָה *let us flee* | cohortative · qal | דָּוִד *David* + עֲבָדָי *servants* | | | | | תִֽהְיֶה־ *it will belong* | yiqtol · qal | פְלֵיטָה *an escape* | | | | | מַהֲרוּ *hurry* | imperative · piel | עֲבָדָי *servants* | | | | | לֶכֶת *go* | infinitive construct · qal | עֲבָדָי *servants* | | | | | יְמַהֵר *he should hurry* | yiqtol · piel | אַבְשָׁלוֹם *Absalom* | | | | | הִשִּׂג *he* | weqatal · hiphil | ָנוּ *will overtake us* | | | אַבְשָׁלוֹם *Absalom* | | הִדִּיחַ *he will thrust* | weqatal · hiphil | רָעָה *calamity* | | | אַבְשָׁלוֹם *Absalom* | | הִכָּה *he will strike down* | weqatal · hiphil | עִיר *city* | | | אַבְשָׁלוֹם *Absalom* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר דָוִד לְכָל עַבְדוֹהִי דִי עִמֵיהּ בִּירוּשְׁלֵם קוּמוּ וְנַעֲרוֹק אֲרֵי לָא תְהֵי לָנָא שֵׁיזְבָא מִן קֳדָם אַבְשָׁלוֹם אוֹחוּ לְמֵיזַל דִילְמָא יוֹחִי וְיִדְבְּקִינָנָא וְיִכְמוֹן יַת בִּישְׁתָא עֲלָנָא וְיִמְחֵי יַת קַרְתָּא לְפִתְגַם דְחָרֶב: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And David said unto all his servants that were with him at Jerusalem: 'Arise, and let us flee; or else none of us shall escape from Absalom; make speed to depart, lest he overtake us quickly, and bring down evil upon us, and smite the city with the edge of the sword.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.432/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:380`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 15:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.15.13/) - next →: [2 Samuel 15:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.15.15/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/15/)