--- title: 2 Samuel 15:2 — And Absalom used to rise up early, and stand beside the way of the g… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Absalom used to rise up early, and stand beside the way of the gate; and it was so, that when any man had a suit which should come to the king for judgment, then Absalom called unto him, and said: 'Of what city art thou?' And he said: 'Thy servant is of one of the tribes of Israel.' Who acts: Ab --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.15.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/15/) / 15:2 # 2 Samuel 15:2 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** Absalom, man, suit, thou, servant · **What happens:** use, rise up, stand, be, have, come · **To what, where:** way, suit · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 15:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Absalom, man, suit, thou, servant — and what happens in the verse to way, suit, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהִשְׁכִּים֙ אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם וְעָמַ֕ד עַל־יַ֖ד דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַשָּׁ֑עַר וַיְהִ֡י כָּל־הָאִ֣ישׁ אֲשֶֽׁר־יִהְיֶה־לּוֹ־רִיב֩ לָב֨וֹא אֶל־הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ לַמִּשְׁפָּ֗ט וַיִּקְרָ֨א אַבְשָׁל֤וֹם אֵלָיו֙ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֵֽי־מִזֶּ֥ה עִיר֙ אַ֔תָּה וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מֵאַחַ֥ד שִׁבְטֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃ [And Absalom used to rise up early, and stand beside the way of the gate; and it was so, that when any man had a suit which should come to the king for judgment, then Absalom called unto him, and said: 'Of what city art thou?' And he said: 'Thy servant is of one of the tribes of Israel.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.419/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:368 # text = וְהִשְׁכִּים֙ אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם וְעָמַ֕ד עַל־יַ֖ד דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַשָּׁ֑עַר וַיְהִ֡י כָּל־הָאִ֣ישׁ אֲשֶֽׁר־יִהְיֶה־לּוֹ־רִיב֩ לָב֨וֹא אֶל־הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ לַמִּשְׁפָּ֗ט וַיִּקְרָ֨א אַבְשָׁל֤וֹם אֵלָיו֙ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֵֽי־מִזֶּ֥ה עִיר֙ אַ֔תָּה וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מֵאַחַ֥ד שִׁבְטֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃ # verse = 2SA.15.2 1-2 וְהִשְׁכִּים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_15:2!1|MId=o100150020011|Strong=2050b 2 הִשְׁכִּים֙ שָׁכַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.rose.early|Ref=2SA_15:2!1|MId=o100150020012|Strong=7925|Frame=A0:100150020021;|Type=weqatal 3 אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם אַבְשָׁלֹום PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Absalom|Ref=2SA_15:2!2|MId=o100150020021|Strong=0053 4-5 וְעָמַ֕ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_15:2!3|MId=o100150020031|Strong=2050b 5 עָמַ֕ד עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.stood|Ref=2SA_15:2!3|MId=o100150020032|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:100150020021;|Type=weqatal 6 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=2SA_15:2!4|MId=o100150020041|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 7 יַ֖ד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=the.side|Ref=2SA_15:2!5|MId=o100150020051|Strong=3027 8 דֶּ֣רֶךְ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.road|Ref=2SA_15:2!6|MId=o100150020061|Strong=1870 9-10 הַשָּׁ֑עַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=2SA_15:2!7|MId=o100150020071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 שָּׁ֑עַר שַׁעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.gate|Ref=2SA_15:2!7|MId=o100150020072|Strong=8179 11-12 וַיְהִ֡י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_15:2!8|MId=o100150020081|Strong=2050b 12 יְהִ֡י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=2SA_15:2!8|MId=o100150020082|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 13 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 dislocated _ Gloss=every|Ref=2SA_15:2!9|MId=o100150020091|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 14-15 הָאִ֣ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2SA_15:2!10|MId=o100150020101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=person|Ref=2SA_15:2!10|MId=o100150020102|Strong=0376 16 אֲשֶֽׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 22 mark _ Gloss=whom|Ref=2SA_15:2!11|MId=o100150020111|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 17 יִהְיֶה־ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 22 cop _ Gloss=it.belonged|Ref=2SA_15:2!12|MId=o100150020121|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:100150020141;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 18-19 לּוֹ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 לּ לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_15:2!13|MId=o100150020131|Strong=3807a 19 וֹ־ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_15:2!13|MId=o100150020132|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 20 רִיב֩ רִיב NOUN _ Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ Gloss=a.case.at.law|Ref=2SA_15:2!14|MId=o100150020141|Strong=7379 21-22 לָב֨וֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_15:2!15|MId=o100150020151|Strong=3807a 22 ב֨וֹא בּוֹא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 13 acl:relcl _ Gloss=come|Ref=2SA_15:2!15|MId=o100150020152|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:100150020102;|Type=infinitive_construct 23 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_15:2!16|MId=o100150020161|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 24-25 הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_15:2!17|MId=o100150020171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 מֶּ֜לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=king|Ref=2SA_15:2!17|MId=o100150020172|Strong=4428 26-28 לַמִּשְׁפָּ֗ט _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=2SA_15:2!18|MId=o100150020181|Strong=3807a 27 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2SA_15:2!18|MId=o100150020181ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 מִּשְׁפָּ֗ט מִשְׁפָּט NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=judgment|Ref=2SA_15:2!18|MId=o100150020182|Strong=4941 29-30 וַיִּקְרָ֨א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_15:2!19|MId=o100150020191|Strong=2050b 30 יִּקְרָ֨א קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=he.called.out|Ref=2SA_15:2!19|MId=o100150020192|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:100150020201;|Type=wayyiqtol 31 אַבְשָׁל֤וֹם אַבְשָׁלֹום PROPN _ _ 30 nsubj _ Gloss=Absalom|Ref=2SA_15:2!20|MId=o100150020201|Strong=0053 32-33 אֵלָיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 אֵלָי אֶל ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_15:2!21|MId=o100150020211|Strong=0413 33 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_15:2!21|MId=o100150020212|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 34-35 וַיֹּ֗אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 35 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_15:2!22|MId=o100150020221|Strong=2050b 35 יֹּ֗אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 30 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2SA_15:2!22|MId=o100150020222|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100150020201;A1:100150020251;|Type=wayyiqtol 36 אֵֽי־ אַי PART _ _ 39 advmod _ Gloss=where?|Ref=2SA_15:2!23|MId=o100150020231|Strong=0335|Type=interrogative|SpaceAfter=No 37-38 מִזֶּ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2SA_15:2!24|MId=o100150020241|Strong=4480 38 זֶּ֥ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 39 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=2SA_15:2!24|MId=o100150020242|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 39 עִיר֙ עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 35 ccomp _ Gloss=city|Ref=2SA_15:2!25|MId=o100150020251|Strong=5892 40 אַ֔תָּה אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 39 nsubj _ Gloss=[are].you|Ref=2SA_15:2!26|MId=o100150020261|Strong=0859|Type=personal 41-42 וַיֹּ֕אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 42 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_15:2!27|MId=o100150020271|Strong=2050b 42 יֹּ֕אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2SA_15:2!27|MId=o100150020272|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100150020102;|Type=wayyiqtol 43-44 מֵאַחַ֥ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 45 case _ Gloss=[is].from|Ref=2SA_15:2!28|MId=o100150020281|Strong=4480 44 אַחַ֥ד אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 45 nummod _ Gloss=one|Ref=2SA_15:2!28|MId=o100150020282|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 45 שִׁבְטֵֽי־ שֵׁבֶט NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 42 ccomp _ Gloss=of.the.tribes|Ref=2SA_15:2!29|MId=o100150020291|Strong=7626|SpaceAfter=No 46 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 45 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=2SA_15:2!30|MId=o100150020301|Strong=3478 47-48 עַבְדֶּֽךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 עַבְדּ עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 45 nsubj _ Gloss=servant|Ref=2SA_15:2!31|MId=o100150020311|Strong=5650 48 ֶֽךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 47 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=2SA_15:2!31|MId=o100150020312|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 49 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 48 punct _ Ref=2SA_15:2!31 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הִשְׁכִּים *he rose early* | weqatal · hiphil | אַבְשָׁלוֹם *Absalom* | | | | | עָמַד *he stood* | weqatal · qal | אַבְשָׁלוֹם *Absalom* | | | | | יִהְיֶה־ *it belonged* | yiqtol · qal | רִיב *a case at law* | | | | | בוֹא *come* | infinitive construct · qal | אִישׁ *person* | | | | | יִּקְרָא *he called out* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַבְשָׁלוֹם *Absalom* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַבְשָׁלוֹם *Absalom* | עִיר *city* | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *person* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּמַקְדִים אַבְשָׁלוֹם וְקָאֵים עַל כֵּיבַשׁ אוֹרַח תַּרְעָא וַהֲוֵי כָּל גַבְרָא דִיהֵי לֵיהּ דִין לְמֵיעַל לָקֳדָם מַלְכָּא לְמֵידַן וּקְרֵי אַבְשָׁלוֹם לֵיהּ וַאֲמַר אֵי מִדָא קַרְתָּא אַתְּ וַאֲמַר מֵחַד שִׁבְטַיָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל עַבְדָךְ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Absalom used to rise up early, and stand beside the way of the gate; and it was so, that when any man had a suit which should come to the king for judgment, then Absalom called unto him, and said: 'Of what city art thou?' And he said: 'Thy servant is of one of the tribes of Israel.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.419/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:368`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 15:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.15.1/) - next →: [2 Samuel 15:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.15.3/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/15/)