--- title: 2 Samuel 15:23 — And all the country wept with a loud voice, as all the people passed… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And all the country wept with a loud voice, as all the people passed over; and as the king passed over the brook Kidron, all the people passed over, toward the way of the wilderness. Who acts: country, people, king. 2 Samuel 15:23 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.15.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/15/) / 15:23 # 2 Samuel 15:23 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** country, people, king · **What happens:** weep, pass over, pass · **To what, where:** brook, way This is 2 Samuel 15:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — country, people, king — and what happens in the verse to brook, way, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְכָל־הָאָ֗רֶץ בּוֹכִים֙ ק֣וֹל גָּד֔וֹל וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם עֹֽבְרִ֑ים וְהַמֶּ֗לֶךְ עֹבֵר֙ בְּנַ֣חַל קִדְר֔וֹן וְכָל־הָעָם֙ עֹבְרִ֔ים עַל־פְּנֵי־דֶ֖רֶךְ אֶת־הַמִּדְבָּֽר׃ [And all the country wept with a loud voice, as all the people passed over; and as the king passed over the brook Kidron, all the people passed over, toward the way of the wilderness.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.442/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:389 # text = וְכָל־הָאָ֗רֶץ בּוֹכִים֙ ק֣וֹל גָּד֔וֹל וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם עֹֽבְרִ֑ים וְהַמֶּ֗לֶךְ עֹבֵר֙ בְּנַ֣חַל קִדְר֔וֹן וְכָל־הָעָם֙ עֹבְרִ֔ים עַל־פְּנֵי־דֶ֖רֶךְ אֶת־הַמִּדְבָּֽר׃ # verse = 2SA.15.23 1-2 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_15:23!1|MId=o100150230011|Strong=2050b 2 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=2SA_15:23!1|MId=o100150230012|Strong=3605 3-4 הָאָ֗רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_15:23!2|MId=o100150230021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 אָ֗רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=land|Ref=2SA_15:23!2|MId=o100150230022|Strong=0776 5 בּוֹכִים֙ בָּכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=[were].weeping|Ref=2SA_15:23!3|MId=o100150230031|Strong=1058|Frame=A0:100150230022;|Type=participle_active 6 ק֣וֹל קוֹל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=a.voice|Ref=2SA_15:23!4|MId=o100150230041|Strong=6963 7 גָּד֔וֹל גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=2SA_15:23!5|MId=o100150230051|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 8-9 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_15:23!6|MId=o100150230061|Strong=2050b 9 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=2SA_15:23!6|MId=o100150230062|Strong=3605 10-11 הָעָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_15:23!7|MId=o100150230071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 עָ֖ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=people|Ref=2SA_15:23!7|MId=o100150230072|Strong=5971 12 עֹֽבְרִ֑ים עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 5 conj _ Gloss=[were].passing.by|Ref=2SA_15:23!8|MId=o100150230081|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:100150230072;|Type=participle_active 13-15 וְהַמֶּ֗לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_15:23!9|MId=o100150230091|Strong=2050b 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_15:23!9|MId=o100150230092|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 מֶּ֗לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=2SA_15:23!9|MId=o100150230093|Strong=4428 16 עֹבֵר֙ עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 5 conj _ Gloss=[was].passing|Ref=2SA_15:23!10|MId=o100150230101|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:100150230093;|Type=participle_active 17-18 בְּנַ֣חַל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_15:23!11|MId=o100150230111|Strong=0871a 18 נַ֣חַל נַחַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=the.wadi|Ref=2SA_15:23!11|MId=o100150230112|Strong=5158 19 קִדְר֔וֹן קִדְרוֹן PROPN _ _ 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Kidron|Ref=2SA_15:23!12|MId=o100150230121|Strong=6939 20-21 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_15:23!13|MId=o100150230131|Strong=2050b 21 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=2SA_15:23!13|MId=o100150230132|Strong=3605 22-23 הָעָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_15:23!14|MId=o100150230141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 עָם֙ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=people|Ref=2SA_15:23!14|MId=o100150230142|Strong=5971 24 עֹבְרִ֔ים עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 5 conj _ Gloss=[were].passing.on|Ref=2SA_15:23!15|MId=o100150230151|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:100150230142;|Type=participle_active 25 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2SA_15:23!16|MId=o100150230161|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 26 פְּנֵי־ פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 24 obl _ Gloss=the.face|Ref=2SA_15:23!17|MId=o100150230171|Strong=6440|SpaceAfter=No 27 דֶ֖רֶךְ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.road|Ref=2SA_15:23!18|MId=o100150230181|Strong=1870 28 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_15:23!19|MId=o100150230191|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 29-30 הַמִּדְבָּֽר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_15:23!20|MId=o100150230201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 מִּדְבָּֽר מִדְבָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 obl _ Gloss=wilderness|Ref=2SA_15:23!20|MId=o100150230202|Strong=4057 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=2SA_15:23!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | בּוֹכִים *\[were\] weeping* | participle active · qal | אָרֶץ *land* | | | | | עֹֽבְרִים *\[were\] passing by* | participle active · qal | עָם *people* | | | | | עֹבֵר *\[was\] passing* | participle active · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | | | עֹבְרִים *\[were\] passing on* | participle active · qal | עָם *people* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְכָל דַיָירֵי אַרְעָא בָּכַן קַל רַב וְכָל עַמָא עָבְרִין וּמַלְכָּא עֲבַר בְּנַחֲלָא דְקִדְרוּן וְכָל עַמָא עָבְרִין עַל אַפֵּי אוֹרַח מַדְבְּרָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And all the country wept with a loud voice, as all the people passed over; and as the king passed over the brook Kidron, all the people passed over, toward the way of the wilderness.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.442/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:389`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 15:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.15.22/) - next →: [2 Samuel 15:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.15.24/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/15/)