--- title: 2 Samuel 16:11 — And David said to Abishai, and to all his servants: 'Behold, my son,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And David said to Abishai, and to all his servants: 'Behold, my son, who came forth of my body, seeketh my life; how much more this Benjamite now? let him alone, and let him curse; for the LORD hath bidden him. Who acts: David, son, Benjamite, LORD. 2 Samuel 16:11 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.16.11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/16/) / 16:11 # 2 Samuel 16:11 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** David, son, Benjamite, LORD · **What happens:** say, come, seek, let, curse, bid · **To what, where:** Abishai, life, David · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 16:11 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, son, Benjamite, LORD — and what happens in the verse to Abishai, life, David, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֤ד אֶל־אֲבִישַׁי֙ וְאֶל־כָּל־עֲבָדָ֔יו הִנֵּ֥ה בְנִ֛י אֲשֶׁר־יָצָ֥א מִמֵּעַ֖י מְבַקֵּ֣שׁ אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֑י וְאַ֨ף כִּֽי־עַתָּ֜ה בֶּן־הַיְמִינִ֗י הַנִּ֤חוּ לוֹ֙ וִֽיקַלֵּ֔ל כִּ֥י אָֽמַר־ל֖וֹ יְהוָֽה׃ [And David said to Abishai, and to all his servants: 'Behold, my son, who came forth of my body, seeketh my life; how much more this Benjamite now? let him alone, and let him curse; for the LORD hath bidden him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.468/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:414 # text = וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֤ד אֶל־אֲבִישַׁי֙ וְאֶל־כָּל־עֲבָדָ֔יו הִנֵּ֥ה בְנִ֛י אֲשֶׁר־יָצָ֥א מִמֵּעַ֖י מְבַקֵּ֣שׁ אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֑י וְאַ֨ף כִּֽי־עַתָּ֜ה בֶּן־הַיְמִינִ֗י הַנִּ֤חוּ לוֹ֙ וִֽיקַלֵּ֔ל כִּ֥י אָֽמַר־ל֖וֹ יְהוָֽה׃ # verse = 2SA.16.11 1-2 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_16:11!1|MId=o100160110011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֨אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2SA_16:11!1|MId=o100160110012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100160110021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דָּוִ֤ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=2SA_16:11!2|MId=o100160110021|Strong=1732 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_16:11!3|MId=o100160110031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5 אֲבִישַׁי֙ אֲבִישַׁי PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Abishai|Ref=2SA_16:11!4|MId=o100160110041|Strong=0052 6-7 וְאֶל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_16:11!5|MId=o100160110051|Strong=2050b 7 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_16:11!5|MId=o100160110052|Strong=0413 8 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=2SA_16:11!6|MId=o100160110061|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 9-10 עֲבָדָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 עֲבָדָ֔י עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=servants|Ref=2SA_16:11!7|MId=o100160110071|Strong=5650 10 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_16:11!7|MId=o100160110072|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 11 הִנֵּ֥ה הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 19 discourse _ Gloss=here!|Ref=2SA_16:11!8|MId=o100160110081|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 12-13 בְנִ֛י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 בְנ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ Gloss=son|Ref=2SA_16:11!9|MId=o100160110091|Strong=1121 13 ִ֛י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=2SA_16:11!9|MId=o100160110092|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 14 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 15 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=2SA_16:11!10|MId=o100160110101|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 15 יָצָ֥א יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 12 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.went.out|Ref=2SA_16:11!11|MId=o100160110111|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:100160110091;|Type=qatal 16-18 מִמֵּעַ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2SA_16:11!12|MId=o100160110121|Strong=4480 17 מֵּע מֵעִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 obl _ Gloss=inward.parts|Ref=2SA_16:11!12|MId=o100160110122|Strong=4578 18 ַ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=2SA_16:11!12|MId=o100160110123|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 19 מְבַקֵּ֣שׁ בָּקַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing 2 ccomp _ Gloss=[is].seeking|Ref=2SA_16:11!13|MId=o100160110131|Strong=1245|Frame=A0:100160110091;A1:100160110151;|Type=participle_active 20 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_16:11!14|MId=o100160110141|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 21-22 נַפְשִׁ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 נַפְשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 19 obj _ Gloss=life|Ref=2SA_16:11!15|MId=o100160110151|Strong=5315 22 ִ֑י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=2SA_16:11!15|MId=o100160110152|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 23-24 וְאַ֨ף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_16:11!16|MId=o100160110161|Strong=2050b 24 אַ֨ף אַף ADV _ _ 26 advmod _ Gloss=indeed?|Ref=2SA_16:11!16|MId=o100160110162|Strong=0637 25 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 26 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=2SA_16:11!17|MId=o100160110171|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 26 עַתָּ֜ה עַתָּה ADV _ _ 19 conj _ Gloss=now|Ref=2SA_16:11!18|MId=o100160110181|Strong=6258 27 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ Gloss=the.Ben-|Ref=2SA_16:11!19|MId=o100160110191|Strong=1121|Type=gentilic|SpaceAfter=No 28-29 הַיְמִינִ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2SA_16:11!20|MId=o100160110201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 יְמִינִ֗י יְמִינִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 compound:smixut _ Gloss=jaminite|Ref=2SA_16:11!20|MId=o100160110202|Strong=1145|Type=gentilic 30 הַנִּ֤חוּ נוח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=2 19 parataxis _ Gloss=leave.alone|Ref=2SA_16:11!21|MId=o100160110211|Strong=5117|Frame=A0:100160110041;100160110071;|Type=imperative 31-32 לוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 ל לְ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=2SA_16:11!22|MId=o100160110221|Strong=3807a 32 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_16:11!22|MId=o100160110222|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 33-34 וִֽיקַלֵּ֔ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 וִֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_16:11!23|MId=o100160110231|Strong=2050b 34 יקַלֵּ֔ל קָלַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 19 conj _ Gloss=let.him.curse|Ref=2SA_16:11!23|MId=o100160110232|Strong=7043|Frame=A0:100160110191;|Type=yiqtol 35 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 36 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=2SA_16:11!24|MId=o100160110241|Strong=3588 36 אָֽמַר־ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 19 advcl _ Gloss=he.has.spoken|Ref=2SA_16:11!25|MId=o100160110251|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100160110271;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 37-38 ל֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 ל לְ ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_16:11!26|MId=o100160110261|Strong=3807a 38 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_16:11!26|MId=o100160110262|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 39 יְהוָֽה יהוה PROPN _ _ 36 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=2SA_16:11!27|MId=o100160110271|Strong=3068|SpaceAfter=No 40 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=2SA_16:11!27 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | יָצָא *he went out* | qatal · qal | בְנ *son* | | | | | מְבַקֵּשׁ *\[is\] seeking* | participle active · piel | בְנ *son* | נַפְשׁ *life* | | | | הַנִּחוּ *leave alone* | imperative · hiphil | אֲבִישַׁי *Abishai* + עֲבָדָי *servants* | | | | | יקַלֵּל *let him curse* | yiqtol · piel | בֶּן־ *the Ben-* | | | | | אָֽמַר־ *he has spoken* | qatal · qal | יְהוָֽה *Yahweh* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר דָוִד לַאֲבִישַׁי וּלְכָל עַבְדוֹהִי הָא בְּרִי דְאוֹלֵידִית בָּעֵי לְמִקְטְלִי וְאַף אֲרֵי כְעַן בַּר שֵׁבֶט בִּנְיָמִן שְׁבוּקוּ מִינֵיהּ וִילַטֵט אֲרֵי אָמַר לֵיהּ יְיָ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And David said to Abishai, and to all his servants: 'Behold, my son, who came forth of my body, seeketh my life; how much more this Benjamite now? let him alone, and let him curse; for the LORD hath bidden him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.468/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:414`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 16:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.16.10/) - next →: [2 Samuel 16:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.16.12/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/16/)