--- title: 2 Samuel 16:19 — And again, whom should I serve? should I not serve in the presence o… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And again, whom should I serve? should I not serve in the presence of his son? as I have served in thy father's presence, so will I be in thy presence.' Who acts: I. 2 Samuel 16:19 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.16.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/16/) / 16:19 # 2 Samuel 16:19 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** I · **What happens:** serve, not serve, be · **To what, where:** presence This is 2 Samuel 16:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I — and what happens in the verse to presence, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהַשֵּׁנִ֗ית לְמִי֙ אֲנִ֣י אֶֽעֱבֹ֔ד הֲל֖וֹא לִפְנֵ֣י בְנ֑וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר עָבַ֙דְתִּי֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אָבִ֔יךָ כֵּ֖ן אֶהְיֶ֥ה לְפָנֶֽיךָ׃פ [And again, whom should I serve? should I not serve in the presence of his son? as I have served in thy father's presence, so will I be in thy presence.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.476/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:422 # text = וְהַשֵּׁנִ֗ית לְמִי֙ אֲנִ֣י אֶֽעֱבֹ֔ד הֲל֖וֹא לִפְנֵ֣י בְנ֑וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר עָבַ֙דְתִּי֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אָבִ֔יךָ כֵּ֖ן אֶהְיֶ֥ה לְפָנֶֽיךָ׃פ # verse = 2SA.16.19 1-3 וְהַשֵּׁנִ֗ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_16:19!1|MId=o100160190011|Strong=2050b 2 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=the.second|Ref=2SA_16:19!1|MId=o100160190012|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 שֵּׁנִ֗ית שֵׁנִי NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 advmod _ Gloss=[thing]|Ref=2SA_16:19!1|MId=o100160190013|Strong=8145|Type=ordinal_number 4-5 לְמִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=2SA_16:19!2|MId=o100160190021|Strong=3807a 5 מִי֙ מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 7 obl _ Gloss=whom?|Ref=2SA_16:19!2|MId=o100160190022|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 6 אֲנִ֣י אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=2SA_16:19!3|MId=o100160190031|Strong=0589|Type=personal 7 אֶֽעֱבֹ֔ד עָבַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=will.I.serve|Ref=2SA_16:19!4|MId=o100160190041|Strong=5647|Frame=A0:100160190031;|Type=yiqtol 8-9 הֲל֖וֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 9 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=2SA_16:19!5|MId=o100160190051|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 9 ל֖וֹא לֹא ADV _ _ 7 parataxis _ Gloss=not|Ref=2SA_16:19!5|MId=o100160190052|Strong=3808|Type=negative 10-11 לִפְנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=2SA_16:19!6|MId=o100160190061|Strong=3807a 11 פְנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 9 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=2SA_16:19!6|MId=o100160190062|Strong=6440 12-13 בְנ֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 בְנ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=son|Ref=2SA_16:19!7|MId=o100160190071|Strong=1121 13 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_16:19!7|MId=o100160190072|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 14-15 כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 24 obl _ Gloss=just|Ref=2SA_16:19!8|MId=o100160190081|Strong=3509a 15 אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=as|Ref=2SA_16:19!8|MId=o100160190082|Strong=0834|Type=relative 16 עָבַ֙דְתִּי֙ עָבַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 14 acl:relcl _ Gloss=I.served|Ref=2SA_16:19!9|MId=o100160190091|Strong=5647|Frame=A0:100160180021;|Type=qatal 17-18 לִפְנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=2SA_16:19!10|MId=o100160190101|Strong=3807a 18 פְנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 16 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=2SA_16:19!10|MId=o100160190102|Strong=6440 19-20 אָבִ֔יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 אָבִ֔י אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=father|Ref=2SA_16:19!11|MId=o100160190111|Strong=0001 20 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=2SA_16:19!11|MId=o100160190112|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 21 כֵּ֖ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 24 advmod _ Gloss=so|Ref=2SA_16:19!12|MId=o100160190121|Strong=3651|Type=demonstrative 22 אֶהְיֶ֥ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 24 cop _ Gloss=I.will.be|Ref=2SA_16:19!13|MId=o100160190131|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:100160180021;|Type=yiqtol 23-25 לְפָנֶֽיךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=2SA_16:19!14|MId=o100160190141|Strong=3807a 24 פָנֶֽי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 7 parataxis _ Gloss=|Ref=2SA_16:19!14|MId=o100160190142|Strong=6440 25 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=you|Ref=2SA_16:19!14|MId=o100160190143|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=2SA_16:19!14|SpaceAfter=No 27 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=2SA_16:19!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** אֶֽעֱבֹד *will I serve* | yiqtol · qal | אֲנִי *I* | | | | | עָבַדְתִּי *I served* | qatal · qal | | | | | | אֶהְיֶה *I will be* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְתִנְיָנוּת קֳדָם מַן אֲנָא אֶפְלַח הֲלָא קֳדָם בְּרֵיהּ כְּמָא דְפַלְחִית קֳדָם אֲבוּךְ כֵּן אֲהֵי פְלַח קֳדָמָךְ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And again, whom should I serve? should I not serve in the presence of his son? as I have served in thy father's presence, so will I be in thy presence.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.476/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:422`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 16:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.16.18/) - next →: [2 Samuel 16:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.16.20/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/16/)