--- title: 2 Samuel 16:21 — And Ahithophel said unto Absalom: 'Go in unto thy father's concubine… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Ahithophel said unto Absalom: 'Go in unto thy father's concubines, that he hath left to keep the house; and all Israel will hear that thou art abhorred of thy father; then will the hands of all that are with thee be strong.' Who acts: Ahithophel, concubines, Israel, hands. 2 Samuel 16:21 in Hebr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.16.21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/16/) / 16:21 # 2 Samuel 16:21 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** Ahithophel, concubines, Israel, hands · **What happens:** say, go in, leave, keep, hear, abhor · **To what, where:** concubines, house, thou · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 16:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Ahithophel, concubines, Israel, hands — and what happens in the verse to concubines, house, thou, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲחִיתֹ֙פֶל֙ אֶל־אַבְשָׁלֹ֔ם בּ֚וֹא אֶל־פִּלַגְשֵׁ֣י אָבִ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִנִּ֖יחַ לִשְׁמ֣וֹר הַבָּ֑יִת וְשָׁמַ֤ע כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כִּֽי־נִבְאַ֣שְׁתָּ אֶת־אָבִ֔יךָ וְחָ֣זְק֔וּ יְדֵ֖י כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתָּֽךְ׃ [And Ahithophel said unto Absalom: 'Go in unto thy father's concubines, that he hath left to keep the house; and all Israel will hear that thou art abhorred of thy father; then will the hands of all that are with thee be strong.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.478/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:424 # text = וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲחִיתֹ֙פֶל֙ אֶל־אַבְשָׁלֹ֔ם בּ֚וֹא אֶל־פִּלַגְשֵׁ֣י אָבִ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִנִּ֖יחַ לִשְׁמ֣וֹר הַבָּ֑יִת וְשָׁמַ֤ע כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כִּֽי־נִבְאַ֣שְׁתָּ אֶת־אָבִ֔יךָ וְחָ֣זְק֔וּ יְדֵ֖י כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתָּֽךְ׃ # verse = 2SA.16.21 1-2 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_16:21!1|MId=o100160210011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2SA_16:21!1|MId=o100160210012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100160210021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֲחִיתֹ֙פֶל֙ אֲחִיתֹפֶל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Ahithophel|Ref=2SA_16:21!2|MId=o100160210021|Strong=0302 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_16:21!3|MId=o100160210031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5 אַבְשָׁלֹ֔ם אַבְשָׁלֹום PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Absalom|Ref=2SA_16:21!4|MId=o100160210041|Strong=0053 6 בּ֚וֹא בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=go|Ref=2SA_16:21!5|MId=o100160210051|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:100160210041;|Type=imperative 7 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=2SA_16:21!6|MId=o100160210061|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 8 פִּלַגְשֵׁ֣י פִּלֶגֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 6 obl _ Gloss=the.concubines|Ref=2SA_16:21!7|MId=o100160210071|Strong=6370 9-10 אָבִ֔יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 אָבִ֔י אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=your.father|Ref=2SA_16:21!8|MId=o100160210081|Strong=0001 10 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=2SA_16:21!8|MId=o100160210082|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 11 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 12 mark _ Gloss=whom|Ref=2SA_16:21!9|MId=o100160210091|Strong=0834|Type=relative 12 הִנִּ֖יחַ נוח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.left|Ref=2SA_16:21!10|MId=o100160210101|Strong=5117|Frame=AA:100160210081;A0:100160210071;|Type=qatal 13-14 לִשְׁמ֣וֹר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_16:21!11|MId=o100160210111|Strong=3807a 14 שְׁמ֣וֹר שָׁמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 12 advcl _ Gloss=keep|Ref=2SA_16:21!11|MId=o100160210112|Strong=8104|Frame=A0:100160210071;A1:100160210122;|Type=infinitive_construct 15-16 הַבָּ֑יִת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_16:21!12|MId=o100160210121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 בָּ֑יִת בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obj _ Gloss=house|Ref=2SA_16:21!12|MId=o100160210122|Strong=1004 17-18 וְשָׁמַ֤ע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_16:21!13|MId=o100160210131|Strong=2050b 18 שָׁמַ֤ע שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=it.will.hear|Ref=2SA_16:21!13|MId=o100160210132|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:100160210151;A1:100160210171;|Type=weqatal 19 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=2SA_16:21!14|MId=o100160210141|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 20 יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=2SA_16:21!15|MId=o100160210151|Strong=3478 21 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 22 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=2SA_16:21!16|MId=o100160210161|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 22 נִבְאַ֣שְׁתָּ בָּאַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 18 ccomp _ Gloss=you.have.made.yourself.odious|Ref=2SA_16:21!17|MId=o100160210171|Strong=0887|Frame=A0:100160210041;|Type=qatal 23 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=2SA_16:21!18|MId=o100160210181|Strong=0854|SpaceAfter=No 24-25 אָבִ֔יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 אָבִ֔י אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=father|Ref=2SA_16:21!19|MId=o100160210191|Strong=0001 25 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=2SA_16:21!19|MId=o100160210192|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 26-27 וְחָ֣זְק֔וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_16:21!20|MId=o100160210201|Strong=2050b 27 חָ֣זְק֔וּ חָזַק VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=they.will.be.strong|Ref=2SA_16:21!20|MId=o100160210202|Strong=2388|Frame=A0:100160210211;|Type=weqatal 28 יְדֵ֖י יָד NOUN _ Number=Dual 27 nsubj _ Gloss=the.hands|Ref=2SA_16:21!21|MId=o100160210211|Strong=3027 29 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.all|Ref=2SA_16:21!22|MId=o100160210221|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 30 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 32 mark _ Gloss=[those].who|Ref=2SA_16:21!23|MId=o100160210231|Strong=0834|Type=relative 31-32 אִתָּֽךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 אִתּ אֵת ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=[are].with|Ref=2SA_16:21!24|MId=o100160210241|Strong=0854 32 ָֽךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 29 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you|Ref=2SA_16:21!24|MId=o100160210242|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=2SA_16:21!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲחִיתֹפֶל *Ahithophel* | | | | | בּוֹא *go* | imperative · qal | אַבְשָׁלֹם *Absalom* | | | | | הִנִּיחַ *he left* | qatal · hiphil | פִּלַגְשֵׁי *the concubines* | | | אָבִי *your father* | | שְׁמוֹר *keep* | infinitive construct · qal | פִּלַגְשֵׁי *the concubines* | בָּיִת *house* | | | | שָׁמַע *it will hear* | weqatal · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | נִבְאַשְׁתָּ *you have made yourself odious* | | | | נִבְאַשְׁתָּ *you have made yourself odious* | qatal · niphal | אַבְשָׁלֹם *Absalom* | | | | | חָזְקוּ *they will be strong* | weqatal · qal | יְדֵי *the hands* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר אֲחִיתוֹפֶל לְאַבְשָׁלוֹם עוּל לְוַת לְחֵינָתָא דַאֲבוּךְ דִי שְׁבַק לְמִיטַר בֵּיתָא וּשְׁמַע כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲרֵי אִתְגָרֵיתָא בַּאֲבוּךְ וְיִתְקוֹף יְדֵי כָּל דִי עִמָךְ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Ahithophel said unto Absalom: 'Go in unto thy father's concubines, that he hath left to keep the house; and all Israel will hear that thou art abhorred of thy father; then will the hands of all that are with thee be strong.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.478/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:424`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 16:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.16.20/) - next →: [2 Samuel 16:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.16.22/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/16/)