--- title: 2 Samuel 16:8 — the LORD hath returned upon thee all the blood of the house of Saul,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: the LORD hath returned upon thee all the blood of the house of Saul, in whose stead thou hast reigned; and the LORD hath delivered the kingdom into the hand of Absalom thy son; and, behold, thou art taken in thine own mischief, because thou art a man of blood.' Who acts: LORD, thou. 2 Samuel 16:8 in --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.16.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/16/) / 16:8 # 2 Samuel 16:8 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** LORD, thou · **What happens:** return, reign, deliver, take, be · **To what, where:** blood, stead, kingdom, hand, thou, own mischief This is 2 Samuel 16:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, thou — and what happens in the verse to blood, stead, kingdom, hand, thou, own mischief, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הֵשִׁיב֩ עָלֶ֨יךָ יְהוָ֜ה כֹּ֣ל ׀ דְּמֵ֣י בֵית־שָׁא֗וּל אֲשֶׁ֤ר מָלַ֙כְתָּ֙ תַּחְתָּ֔יו וַיִּתֵּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ אֶת־הַמְּלוּכָ֔ה בְּיַ֖ד אַבְשָׁל֣וֹם בְּנֶ֑ךָ וְהִנְּךָ֙ בְּרָ֣עָתֶ֔ךָ כִּ֛י אִ֥ישׁ דָּמִ֖ים אָֽתָּה׃ [the LORD hath returned upon thee all the blood of the house of Saul, in whose stead thou hast reigned; and the LORD hath delivered the kingdom into the hand of Absalom thy son; and, behold, thou art taken in thine own mischief, because thou art a man of blood.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.464/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:411 # text = הֵשִׁיב֩ עָלֶ֨יךָ יְהוָ֜ה כֹּ֣ל ׀ דְּמֵ֣י בֵית־שָׁא֗וּל אֲשֶׁ֤ר מָלַ֙כְתָּ֙ תַּחְתָּ֔יו וַיִּתֵּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ אֶת־הַמְּלוּכָ֔ה בְּיַ֖ד אַבְשָׁל֣וֹם בְּנֶ֑ךָ וְהִנְּךָ֙ בְּרָ֣עָתֶ֔ךָ כִּ֛י אִ֥ישׁ דָּמִ֖ים אָֽתָּה׃ # verse = 2SA.16.8 1 הֵשִׁיב֩ שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.has.brought.back|Ref=2SA_16:8!1|MId=o100160080011|Strong=7725|Frame=AA:100160080031;A0:100160080051;|Type=qatal 2-3 עָלֶ֨יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 עָלֶ֨י עַל ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2SA_16:8!2|MId=o100160080021|Strong=5921 3 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 1 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=2SA_16:8!2|MId=o100160080022|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 4 יְהוָ֜ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 1 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=2SA_16:8!3|MId=o100160080031|Strong=3068 5 כֹּ֣ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=2SA_16:8!4|MId=o100160080041|Strong=3605 6 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 5 punct _ Ref=2SA_16:8!4 7 דְּמֵ֣י דָּם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.blood(s)|Ref=2SA_16:8!5|MId=o100160080051|Strong=1818 8 בֵית־ בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.house|Ref=2SA_16:8!6|MId=o100160080061|Strong=1004|SpaceAfter=No 9 שָׁא֗וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Saul|Ref=2SA_16:8!7|MId=o100160080071|Strong=7586 10 אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=whom|Ref=2SA_16:8!8|MId=o100160080081|Strong=0834|Type=relative 11 מָלַ֙כְתָּ֙ מָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 9 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you.have.reigned|Ref=2SA_16:8!9|MId=o100160080091|Strong=4427|Frame=A0:100160070071;|Type=qatal 12-13 תַּחְתָּ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 תַּחְתָּ֔י תַּחַת NOUN _ _ 11 obl _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_16:8!11|MId=o100160080111|Strong=8478 13 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=place.of.him|Ref=2SA_16:8!11|MId=o100160080112|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 14-15 וַיִּתֵּ֤ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_16:8!12|MId=o100160080121|Strong=2050b 15 יִּתֵּ֤ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=he.has.given|Ref=2SA_16:8!12|MId=o100160080122|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:100160080131;A1:100160080152;|Type=wayyiqtol 16 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 15 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=2SA_16:8!13|MId=o100160080131|Strong=3068 17 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_16:8!14|MId=o100160080141|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 18-19 הַמְּלוּכָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_16:8!15|MId=o100160080151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 מְּלוּכָ֔ה מְלוּכָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 15 obj _ Gloss=kingship|Ref=2SA_16:8!15|MId=o100160080152|Strong=4410 20-21 בְּיַ֖ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_16:8!16|MId=o100160080161|Strong=0871a 21 יַ֖ד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=2SA_16:8!16|MId=o100160080162|Strong=3027 22 אַבְשָׁל֣וֹם אַבְשָׁלֹום PROPN _ _ 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Absalom|Ref=2SA_16:8!17|MId=o100160080171|Strong=0053 23-24 בְּנֶ֑ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בְּנ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 appos _ Gloss=son|Ref=2SA_16:8!18|MId=o100160080181|Strong=1121 24 ֶ֑ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=2SA_16:8!18|MId=o100160080182|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 25-27 וְהִנְּךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_16:8!19|MId=o100160080191|Strong=2050b 26 הִנּ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 29 nsubj _ Gloss=here|Ref=2SA_16:8!19|MId=o100160080192|Strong=2009|Type=interjection 27 ְךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=2SA_16:8!19|MId=o100160080193|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 28-30 בְּרָ֣עָתֶ֔ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=[are].in|Ref=2SA_16:8!20|MId=o100160080201|Strong=0871a 29 רָ֣עָת רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 1 conj _ Gloss=calamity|Ref=2SA_16:8!20|MId=o100160080202|Strong=7451b 30 ֶ֔ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=2SA_16:8!20|MId=o100160080203|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 31 כִּ֛י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 32 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=2SA_16:8!21|MId=o100160080211|Strong=3588 32 אִ֥ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 advcl _ Gloss=[are].a.man|Ref=2SA_16:8!22|MId=o100160080221|Strong=0376 33 דָּמִ֖ים דָּם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 32 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.blood(s)|Ref=2SA_16:8!23|MId=o100160080231|Strong=1818 34 אָֽתָּה אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=2SA_16:8!24|MId=o100160080241|Strong=0859|Type=personal|SpaceAfter=No 35 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=2SA_16:8!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הֵשִׁיב *he has brought back* | qatal · hiphil | דְּמֵי *the blood(s)* | | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | מָלַכְתָּ *you have reigned* | qatal · qal | | | | | | יִּתֵּן *he has given* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | מְּלוּכָה *kingship* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אָתִיב עֲלָךְ יְיָ כָּל חוֹבֵי בֵּית שָׁאוּל דִמְלַכְתָּא תְּחוֹתוֹהִי וְאַצְלַח יְיָ יַת מַלְכוּתָא בִּידָא דְאַבְשָׁלוֹם בְּרָךְ וְהָא אַתְּ בְּבִישְׁתָּךְ אֲרֵי גְבַר חַיָיב קְטוֹל אַתְּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [the LORD hath returned upon thee all the blood of the house of Saul, in whose stead thou hast reigned; and the LORD hath delivered the kingdom into the hand of Absalom thy son; and, behold, thou art taken in thine own mischief, because thou art a man of blood.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.464/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:411`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 16:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.16.7/) - next →: [2 Samuel 16:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.16.9/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/16/)