--- title: 2 Samuel 17:10 — then even he that is valiant, whose heart is as the heart of a lion,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: then even he that is valiant, whose heart is as the heart of a lion, will utterly melt; for all Israel knoweth that thy father is a mighty man, and they that are with him are valiant men. Who acts: heart, Hushai, Israel, father. 2 Samuel 17:10 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/17/) / 17:10 # 2 Samuel 17:10 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** heart, Hushai, Israel, father · **What happens:** be, melt, know · **To what, where:** mighty man, valiant men · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 17:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — heart, Hushai, Israel, father — and what happens in the verse to mighty man, valiant men, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְה֣וּא גַם־בֶּן־חַ֗יִל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לִבּ֛וֹ כְּלֵ֥ב הָאַרְיֵ֖ה הִמֵּ֣ס יִמָּ֑ס כִּֽי־יֹדֵ֤עַ כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כִּי־גִבּ֣וֹר אָבִ֔יךָ וּבְנֵי־חַ֖יִל אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּֽוֹ׃ [then even he that is valiant, whose heart is as the heart of a lion, will utterly melt; for all Israel knoweth that thy father is a mighty man, and they that are with him are valiant men.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.490/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:436 # text = וְה֣וּא גַם־בֶּן־חַ֗יִל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לִבּ֛וֹ כְּלֵ֥ב הָאַרְיֵ֖ה הִמֵּ֣ס יִמָּ֑ס כִּֽי־יֹדֵ֤עַ כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כִּי־גִבּ֣וֹר אָבִ֔יךָ וּבְנֵי־חַ֖יִל אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּֽוֹ׃ # verse = 2SA.17.10 1-2 וְה֣וּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_17:10!1|MId=o100170100011|Strong=2050b 2 ה֣וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=2SA_17:10!1|MId=o100170100012|Strong=1931|Type=personal 3 גַם־ גַּם ADV _ _ 4 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=2SA_17:10!2|MId=o100170100021|Strong=1571|SpaceAfter=No 4 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 appos _ Gloss=a.son|Ref=2SA_17:10!3|MId=o100170100031|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 5 חַ֗יִל חַיִל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.strength|Ref=2SA_17:10!4|MId=o100170100041|Strong=2428 6 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=whom|Ref=2SA_17:10!5|MId=o100170100051|Strong=0834|Type=relative 7-8 לִבּ֛וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לִבּ לֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Gloss=heart|Ref=2SA_17:10!6|MId=o100170100061|Strong=3820 8 ֛וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_17:10!6|MId=o100170100062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 9-10 כְּלֵ֥ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=[is].like|Ref=2SA_17:10!7|MId=o100170100071|Strong=3509a 10 לֵ֥ב לֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 acl:relcl _ Gloss=the.heart|Ref=2SA_17:10!7|MId=o100170100072|Strong=3820 11-12 הָאַרְיֵ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=2SA_17:10!8|MId=o100170100081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 אַרְיֵ֖ה אַרְיֵה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=lion|Ref=2SA_17:10!8|MId=o100170100082|Strong=0738a 13 הִמֵּ֣ס מָסַס VERB _ HebBinyan=NIPHAL 14 obl:npmod _ Gloss=surely.[melt]|Ref=2SA_17:10!9|MId=o100170100091|Strong=4549|Type=infinitive_absolute 14 יִמָּ֑ס מָסַס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.will.melt|Ref=2SA_17:10!10|MId=o100170100101|Strong=4549|Frame=A0:100170100012;|Type=yiqtol 15 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=2SA_17:10!11|MId=o100170100111|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 16 יֹדֵ֤עַ יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 14 advcl _ Gloss=[is].knowing|Ref=2SA_17:10!12|MId=o100170100121|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:100170100141;A1:100170100161;100170100182;|Type=participle_active 17 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=2SA_17:10!13|MId=o100170100131|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 18 יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=2SA_17:10!14|MId=o100170100141|Strong=3478 19 כִּי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 20 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=2SA_17:10!15|MId=o100170100151|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 20 גִבּ֣וֹר גִּבּוֹר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 ccomp _ Gloss=[is].a.warrior|Ref=2SA_17:10!16|MId=o100170100161|Strong=1368|Type=adjective 21-22 אָבִ֔יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 אָבִ֔י אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=father|Ref=2SA_17:10!17|MId=o100170100171|Strong=0001 22 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=2SA_17:10!17|MId=o100170100172|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 23-24 וּבְנֵי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and.[are]|Ref=2SA_17:10!18|MId=o100170100181|Strong=2050b 24 בְנֵי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 conj _ Gloss=sons|Ref=2SA_17:10!18|MId=o100170100182|Strong=1121 25 חַ֖יִל חַיִל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.strength|Ref=2SA_17:10!19|MId=o100170100191|Strong=2428 26 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 28 mark _ Gloss=[those].who|Ref=2SA_17:10!20|MId=o100170100201|Strong=0834|Type=relative 27-28 אִתּֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 אִתּ אֵת ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=[are].with|Ref=2SA_17:10!21|MId=o100170100211|Strong=0854 28 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 acl:relcl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_17:10!21|MId=o100170100212|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=2SA_17:10!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִמָּס *he will melt* | yiqtol · niphal | הוּא *he* | | | | | יֹדֵעַ *\[is\] knowing* | participle active · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | גִבּוֹר *\[is\] a warrior* + בְנֵי־ *sons* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְהוּא אַף גְבַר גִבַּר דְלִיבֵּיהּ כְּלִבָּא דְאַרְיָא מִמַס יִמְסֵי אֲרֵי יְדַע כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲרֵי גִיבַּר אֲבוּךְ וְגַבְרִין גִבָּרִין דִי עִמֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [then even he that is valiant, whose heart is as the heart of a lion, will utterly melt; for all Israel knoweth that thy father is a mighty man, and they that are with him are valiant men.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.490/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:436`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 17:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.9/) - next →: [2 Samuel 17:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.11/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/17/)