--- title: 2 Samuel 17:16 — Now therefore send quickly, and tell David, saying: Lodge not this n… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now therefore send quickly, and tell David, saying: Lodge not this night in the plains of the wilderness, but in any wise pass over; lest the king be swallowed up, and all the people that are with him.' Who acts: you, people. 2 Samuel 17:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 19 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/17/) / 17:16 # 2 Samuel 17:16 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** you, people · **What happens:** send, tell, say, not lodge, pass over, swallow up · **To what, where:** David, plains, wise, king · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 17:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, people — and what happens in the verse to David, plains, wise, king, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְעַתָּ֡ה שִׁלְח֣וּ מְהֵרָה֩ וְהַגִּ֨ידוּ לְדָוִ֜ד לֵאמֹ֗ר אַל־תָּ֤לֶן הַלַּ֙יְלָה֙ בְּעַֽרְב֣וֹת הַמִּדְבָּ֔ר וְגַ֖ם עָב֣וֹר תַּעֲב֑וֹר פֶּ֚ן יְבֻלַּ֣ע לַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וּלְכָל־הָעָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּֽוֹ׃ [Now therefore send quickly, and tell David, saying: Lodge not this night in the plains of the wilderness, but in any wise pass over; lest the king be swallowed up, and all the people that are with him.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.496/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:442 # text = וְעַתָּ֡ה שִׁלְח֣וּ מְהֵרָה֩ וְהַגִּ֨ידוּ לְדָוִ֜ד לֵאמֹ֗ר אַל־תָּ֤לֶן הַלַּ֙יְלָה֙ בְּעַֽרְב֣וֹת הַמִּדְבָּ֔ר וְגַ֖ם עָב֣וֹר תַּעֲב֑וֹר פֶּ֚ן יְבֻלַּ֣ע לַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וּלְכָל־הָעָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּֽוֹ׃ # verse = 2SA.17.16 1-2 וְעַתָּ֡ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_17:16!1|MId=o100170160011|Strong=2050b 2 עַתָּ֡ה עַתָּה ADV _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=2SA_17:16!1|MId=o100170160012|Strong=6258 3 שִׁלְח֣וּ שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 parataxis _ Gloss=send|Ref=2SA_17:16!2|MId=o100170160021|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:100170150041;100170150061;|Type=imperative 4 מְהֵרָה֩ מְהֵרָה ADV _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 advmod _ Gloss=quickly|Ref=2SA_17:16!3|MId=o100170160031|Strong=4120 5-6 וְהַגִּ֨ידוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_17:16!4|MId=o100170160041|Strong=2050b 6 הַגִּ֨ידוּ נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 conj _ Gloss=tell|Ref=2SA_17:16!4|MId=o100170160042|Strong=5046|Frame=A0:100170150041;100170150061;|Type=imperative 7-8 לְדָוִ֜ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_17:16!5|MId=o100170160051|Strong=3807a 8 דָוִ֜ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 6 obl _ Gloss=David|Ref=2SA_17:16!5|MId=o100170160052|Strong=1732 9-10 לֵאמֹ֗ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 12 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=2SA_17:16!6|MId=o100170160061|Strong=3807a 10 אמֹ֗ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 9 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=2SA_17:16!6|MId=o100170160062|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100170150041;100170150061;|Type=infinitive_construct 11 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 12 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=2SA_17:16!7|MId=o100170160071|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 12 תָּ֤לֶן לין VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 6 advcl _ Gloss=pass.the.night|Ref=2SA_17:16!8|MId=o100170160081|Strong=3885a|Frame=A0:100170160052;|Type=jussive 13-14 הַלַּ֙יְלָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=2SA_17:16!9|MId=o100170160091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 לַּ֙יְלָה֙ לַיְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=night|Ref=2SA_17:16!9|MId=o100170160092|Strong=3915 15-16 בְּעַֽרְב֣וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=2SA_17:16!10|MId=o100170160101|Strong=0871a 16 עַֽרְב֣וֹת עֲרָבָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 12 obl _ Gloss=the.desert.plains|Ref=2SA_17:16!10|MId=o100170160102|Strong=6160 17-18 הַמִּדְבָּ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=2SA_17:16!11|MId=o100170160111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 מִּדְבָּ֔ר מִדְבָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.wilderness|Ref=2SA_17:16!11|MId=o100170160112|Strong=4057 19-20 וְגַ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_17:16!12|MId=o100170160121|Strong=2050b 20 גַ֖ם גַּם ADV _ _ 22 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=2SA_17:16!12|MId=o100170160122|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation 21 עָב֣וֹר עָבַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 22 obl:npmod _ Gloss=definitely.(pass.over)|Ref=2SA_17:16!13|MId=o100170160131|Strong=5674|Type=infinitive_absolute 22 תַּעֲב֑וֹר עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 conj _ Gloss=you.will.pass.over|Ref=2SA_17:16!14|MId=o100170160141|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:100170160052;|Type=yiqtol 23 פֶּ֚ן פֶּן SCONJ _ _ 24 mark _ Gloss=lest|Ref=2SA_17:16!15|MId=o100170160151|Strong=6435 24 יְבֻלַּ֣ע בָּלַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PUAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=it.should.be.swallowed.up|Ref=2SA_17:16!16|MId=o100170160161|Strong=1104|Type=yiqtol 25-27 לַמֶּ֔לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_17:16!17|MId=o100170160171|Strong=3807a 26 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_17:16!17|MId=o100170160171ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 מֶּ֔לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 obl _ Gloss=king|Ref=2SA_17:16!17|MId=o100170160172|Strong=4428 28-30 וּלְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_17:16!18|MId=o100170160181|Strong=2050b 29 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_17:16!18|MId=o100170160182|Strong=3807a 30 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=2SA_17:16!18|MId=o100170160183|Strong=3605 31-32 הָעָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_17:16!19|MId=o100170160191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 עָ֖ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 compound:smixut _ Gloss=people|Ref=2SA_17:16!19|MId=o100170160192|Strong=5971 33 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 35 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=2SA_17:16!20|MId=o100170160201|Strong=0834|Type=relative 34-35 אִתּֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 אִתּ אֵת ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=[is].with|Ref=2SA_17:16!21|MId=o100170160211|Strong=0854 35 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 acl:relcl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_17:16!21|MId=o100170160212|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=2SA_17:16!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שִׁלְחוּ *send* | imperative · qal | | | | | | הַגִּידוּ *tell* | imperative · hiphil | | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | **not** תָּלֶן *pass the night* | jussive · qal | דָוִד *David* | | | | | תַּעֲבוֹר *you will pass over* | yiqtol · qal | דָוִד *David* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּכְעַן שְׁלָחוּ בִּפְרִיעַ וְחַווּ לְדָוִד לְמֵימַר לָא תָבִית בְּלֵילְיָא בְּמַשְׁרֵי מַדְבְּרָא וְאַף מֶעְבַּר תֶּעְבַּר דִילְמָא יִתַּהֲנֵי לְמַלְכָּא וּלְכָל עַמָא דִי עִמֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now therefore send quickly, and tell David, saying: Lodge not this night in the plains of the wilderness, but in any wise pass over; lest the king be swallowed up, and all the people that are with him.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.496/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:442`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 17:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.15/) - next →: [2 Samuel 17:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.17/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/17/)