--- title: 2 Samuel 17:17 — Now Jonathan and Ahimaaz stayed by En-rogel; and a maid-servant used… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now Jonathan and Ahimaaz stayed by En-rogel; and a maid-servant used to go and tell them; and they went and told king David; for they might not be seen to come into the city. Who acts: Jonathan, maid servant. 2 Samuel 17:17 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragma --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/17/) / 17:17 # 2 Samuel 17:17 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** Jonathan, maid servant · **What happens:** stay, use, go, tell, not see, come · **To what, where:** Jonathan, king David, city · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 17:17 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jonathan, maid servant — and what happens in the verse to Jonathan, king David, city, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וִיהוֹנָתָ֨ן וַאֲחִימַ֜עַץ עֹמְדִ֣ים בְּעֵינ־רֹגֵ֗לעֵינ־רֹגֵ֗ל וְהָלְכָ֤ה הַשִּׁפְחָה֙ וְהִגִּ֣ידָה לָהֶ֔ם וְהֵם֙ יֵֽלְכ֔וּ וְהִגִּ֖ידוּ לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֑ד כִּ֣י לֹ֥א יוּכְל֛וּ לְהֵרָא֖וֹת לָב֥וֹא הָעִֽירָה׃ [Now Jonathan and Ahimaaz stayed by En-rogel; and a maid-servant used to go and tell them; and they went and told king David; for they might not be seen to come into the city.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.497/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:443 # text = וִיהוֹנָתָ֨ן וַאֲחִימַ֜עַץ עֹמְדִ֣ים בְּעֵינ־רֹגֵ֗לעֵינ־רֹגֵ֗ל וְהָלְכָ֤ה הַשִּׁפְחָה֙ וְהִגִּ֣ידָה לָהֶ֔ם וְהֵם֙ יֵֽלְכ֔וּ וְהִגִּ֖ידוּ לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֑ד כִּ֣י לֹ֥א יוּכְל֛וּ לְהֵרָא֖וֹת לָב֥וֹא הָעִֽירָה׃ # verse = 2SA.17.17 1-2 וִיהוֹנָתָ֨ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וִ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_17:17!1|MId=o100170170011|Strong=2050b 2 יהוֹנָתָ֨ן יְהוֹנָתָן PROPN _ _ 5 nsubj _ Gloss=Jonathan|Ref=2SA_17:17!1|MId=o100170170012|Strong=3083 3-4 וַאֲחִימַ֜עַץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_17:17!2|MId=o100170170021|Strong=2050b 4 אֲחִימַ֜עַץ אֲחִימַעַץ PROPN _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=Ahimaaz|Ref=2SA_17:17!2|MId=o100170170022|Strong=0290 5 עֹמְדִ֣ים עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=[were].remaining|Ref=2SA_17:17!3|MId=o100170170031|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:100170170012;100170170022;|Type=participle_active 6-8 בְּעֵינ־רֹגֵ֗לעֵינ־רֹגֵ֗ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=2SA_17:17!4|MId=o100170170041|Strong=0871a 7 עֵינ־רֹגֵ֗ל עֵין־רֹגֵל PROPN _ _ 5 obl _ Gloss=En|Ref=2SA_17:17!4|MId=o100170170042 8 עֵינ־רֹגֵ֗ל עֵין־רֹגֵל PROPN _ _ 7 nmod _ Gloss=Rogel|Ref=2SA_17:17!5|MId=o100170170051 9-10 וְהָלְכָ֤ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_17:17!6|MId=o100170170061|Strong=2050b 10 הָלְכָ֤ה הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=she.went|Ref=2SA_17:17!6|MId=o100170170062|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:100170170062;|Type=weqatal 11-12 הַשִּׁפְחָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_17:17!7|MId=o100170170071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 שִּׁפְחָה֙ שִׁפְחָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Gloss=maidservant|Ref=2SA_17:17!7|MId=o100170170072|Strong=8198 13-14 וְהִגִּ֣ידָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_17:17!8|MId=o100170170081|Strong=2050b 14 הִגִּ֣ידָה נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=she.told|Ref=2SA_17:17!8|MId=o100170170082|Strong=5046|Frame=A0:100170170062;|Type=weqatal 15-16 לָהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 ל לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_17:17!9|MId=o100170170091|Strong=3807a 16 ָהֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=2SA_17:17!9|MId=o100170170092|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 17-18 וְהֵם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_17:17!10|MId=o100170170101|Strong=2050b 18 הֵם֙ הֵם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=2SA_17:17!10|MId=o100170170102|Strong=1992|Type=personal 19 יֵֽלְכ֔וּ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=they.went|Ref=2SA_17:17!11|MId=o100170170111|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:100170170092;|Type=yiqtol 20-21 וְהִגִּ֖ידוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_17:17!12|MId=o100170170121|Strong=2050b 21 הִגִּ֖ידוּ נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=they.told|Ref=2SA_17:17!12|MId=o100170170122|Strong=5046|Frame=A0:100170170012;100170170022;|Type=weqatal 22-24 לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_17:17!13|MId=o100170170131|Strong=3807a 23 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_17:17!13|MId=o100170170131ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 מֶּ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 obl _ Gloss=king|Ref=2SA_17:17!13|MId=o100170170132|Strong=4428 25 דָּוִ֑ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 24 appos _ Gloss=David|Ref=2SA_17:17!14|MId=o100170170141|Strong=1732 26 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 28 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=2SA_17:17!15|MId=o100170170151|Strong=3588 27 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 28 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=2SA_17:17!16|MId=o100170170161|Strong=3808|Type=negative 28 יוּכְל֛וּ יָכֹל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 advcl _ Gloss=they.were.able|Ref=2SA_17:17!17|MId=o100170170171|Strong=3201|Frame=A0:100170170012;100170170022;|Type=yiqtol 29-30 לְהֵרָא֖וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_17:17!18|MId=o100170170181|Strong=3807a 30 הֵרָא֖וֹת רָאָה VERB _ HebBinyan=NIPHAL 28 xcomp _ Gloss=be.seen|Ref=2SA_17:17!18|MId=o100170170182|Strong=7200|Frame=A1:100170170012;100170170022;|Type=infinitive_construct 31-32 לָב֥וֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_17:17!19|MId=o100170170191|Strong=3807a 32 ב֥וֹא בּוֹא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 28 xcomp _ Gloss=go|Ref=2SA_17:17!19|MId=o100170170192|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:100170170012;100170170022;|Type=infinitive_construct 33-35 הָעִֽירָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_17:17!20|MId=o100170170201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 עִֽיר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 32 obl _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_17:17!20|MId=o100170170202|Strong=5892 35 ָה ה X _ _ 34 nmod _ Gloss=city|Ref=2SA_17:17!20|MId=o100170170203|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=2SA_17:17!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עֹמְדִים *\[were\] remaining* | participle active · qal | יהוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* + אֲחִימַעַץ *Ahimaaz* | | | | | הָלְכָה *she went* | weqatal · qal | הָלְכָה *she went* | | | | | הִגִּידָה *she told* | weqatal · hiphil | הָלְכָה *she went* | | | | | יֵֽלְכוּ *they went* | yiqtol · qal | ָהֶם *them* | | | | | הִגִּידוּ *they told* | weqatal · hiphil | יהוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* + אֲחִימַעַץ *Ahimaaz* | | | | | **not** יוּכְלוּ *they were able* | yiqtol · qal | יהוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* + אֲחִימַעַץ *Ahimaaz* | | | | | הֵרָאוֹת *be seen* | infinitive construct · niphal | | יהוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* + אֲחִימַעַץ *Ahimaaz* | | | | בוֹא *go* | infinitive construct · qal | יהוֹנָתָן *Jonathan* + אֲחִימַעַץ *Ahimaaz* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וִיהוֹנָתָן וַאֲחִימַעַץ קַיְימִין בְּעֵין קַצְרָא וַאֲזַלַת אַמְתָא וְחַוִיאַת לְהוֹן וְאִינוּן יֵיזְלוּן וְחַוִיאוּ לְמַלְכָּא דָוִד אֲרֵי לָא יָכְלִין לְאִיתְחַזָאָה לְמֵיעַל לְקַרְתָּא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now Jonathan and Ahimaaz stayed by En-rogel; and a maid-servant used to go and tell them; and they went and told king David; for they might not be seen to come into the city.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.497/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:443`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 17:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.16/) - next →: [2 Samuel 17:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.18/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/17/)