--- title: 2 Samuel 17:18 — But a lad saw them, and told Absalom; and they went both of them awa… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: But a lad saw them, and told Absalom; and they went both of them away quickly, and came to the house of a man in Bahurim, who had a well in his court; and they went down thither. Who acts: lad, Jonathan, man. 2 Samuel 17:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragma --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/17/) / 17:18 # 2 Samuel 17:18 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** lad, Jonathan, man · **What happens:** see, tell, go, come, have, go down · **To what, where:** Jonathan, Absalom, house, well, court · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 17:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — lad, Jonathan, man — and what happens in the verse to Jonathan, Absalom, house, well, court, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּ֤רְא אֹתָם֙ נַ֔עַר וַיַּגֵּ֖ד לְאַבְשָׁלֹ֑ם וַיֵּלְכוּ֩ שְׁנֵיהֶ֨ם מְהֵרָ֜ה וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ ׀ אֶל־בֵּֽית־אִ֣ישׁ בְּבַחוּרִ֗ים וְל֥וֹ בְאֵ֛ר בַּחֲצֵר֖וֹ וַיֵּ֥רְדוּ שָֽׁם׃ [But a lad saw them, and told Absalom; and they went both of them away quickly, and came to the house of a man in Bahurim, who had a well in his court; and they went down thither.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.498/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:444 # text = וַיַּ֤רְא אֹתָם֙ נַ֔עַר וַיַּגֵּ֖ד לְאַבְשָׁלֹ֑ם וַיֵּלְכוּ֩ שְׁנֵיהֶ֨ם מְהֵרָ֜ה וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ ׀ אֶל־בֵּֽית־אִ֣ישׁ בְּבַחוּרִ֗ים וְל֥וֹ בְאֵ֛ר בַּחֲצֵר֖וֹ וַיֵּ֥רְדוּ שָֽׁם׃ # verse = 2SA.17.18 1-2 וַיַּ֤רְא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_17:18!1|MId=o100170180011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּ֤רְא רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.saw|Ref=2SA_17:18!1|MId=o100170180012|Strong=7200|Frame=A1:100170180022;A0:100170180031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 אֹתָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=|Ref=2SA_17:18!2|MId=o100170180021|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 4 ָם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=2SA_17:18!2|MId=o100170180022|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 5 נַ֔עַר נַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=a.young.man|Ref=2SA_17:18!3|MId=o100170180031|Strong=5288 6-7 וַיַּגֵּ֖ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_17:18!4|MId=o100170180041|Strong=2050b 7 יַּגֵּ֖ד נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.told|Ref=2SA_17:18!4|MId=o100170180042|Strong=5046|Frame=A0:100170180031;|Type=wayyiqtol 8-9 לְאַבְשָׁלֹ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_17:18!5|MId=o100170180051|Strong=3807a 9 אַבְשָׁלֹ֑ם אַבְשָׁלֹום PROPN _ _ 7 obl _ Gloss=Absalom|Ref=2SA_17:18!5|MId=o100170180052|Strong=0053 10-11 וַיֵּלְכוּ֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_17:18!6|MId=o100170180061|Strong=2050b 11 יֵּלְכוּ֩ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.went|Ref=2SA_17:18!6|MId=o100170180062|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:100170180072;|Type=wayyiqtol 12-13 שְׁנֵיהֶ֨ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 שְׁנֵי שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 13 nummod _ Gloss=the.two|Ref=2SA_17:18!7|MId=o100170180071|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 13 הֶ֨ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ Gloss=of.them|Ref=2SA_17:18!7|MId=o100170180072|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 14 מְהֵרָ֜ה מְהֵרָה ADV _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 11 advmod _ Gloss=quickly|Ref=2SA_17:18!8|MId=o100170180081|Strong=4120 15-16 וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_17:18!9|MId=o100170180091|Strong=2050b 16 יָּבֹ֣אוּ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.came|Ref=2SA_17:18!9|MId=o100170180092|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:100170170012;100170170022;|Type=wayyiqtol 17 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 16 punct _ Ref=2SA_17:18!9 18 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_17:18!10|MId=o100170180101|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 19 בֵּֽית־ בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=[the].house|Ref=2SA_17:18!11|MId=o100170180111|Strong=1004|SpaceAfter=No 20 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.a.man|Ref=2SA_17:18!12|MId=o100170180121|Strong=0376 21-22 בְּבַחוּרִ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_17:18!13|MId=o100170180131|Strong=0871a 22 בַחוּרִ֗ים בַּחֻרִים PROPN _ _ 16 obl _ Gloss=Bahurim|Ref=2SA_17:18!13|MId=o100170180132|Strong=0980 23-25 וְל֥וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and.[belonged]|Ref=2SA_17:18!14|MId=o100170180141|Strong=2050b 24 ל לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_17:18!14|MId=o100170180142|Strong=3807a 25 ֥וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_17:18!14|MId=o100170180143|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 26 בְאֵ֛ר בְּאֵר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ Gloss=a.well|Ref=2SA_17:18!15|MId=o100170180151|Strong=0875 27-29 בַּחֲצֵר֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_17:18!16|MId=o100170180161|Strong=0871a 28 חֲצֵר חָצֵר NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=courtyard|Ref=2SA_17:18!16|MId=o100170180162|Strong=2691 29 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_17:18!16|MId=o100170180163|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 30-31 וַיֵּ֥רְדוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_17:18!17|MId=o100170180171|Strong=2050b 31 יֵּ֥רְדוּ יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.went.down|Ref=2SA_17:18!17|MId=o100170180172|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:100170170012;100170170022;|Type=wayyiqtol 32 שָֽׁם שָׁם ADV _ _ 31 advmod _ Gloss=there|Ref=2SA_17:18!18|MId=o100170180181|Strong=8033|SpaceAfter=No 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=2SA_17:18!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּרְא *he saw* | wayyiqtol · qal | נַעַר *a young man* | ָם *them* | | | | יַּגֵּד *he told* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | נַעַר *a young man* | | | | | יֵּלְכוּ *they went* | wayyiqtol · qal | הֶם *of them* | | | | | יָּבֹאוּ *they came* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יֵּרְדוּ *they went down* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַחֲזָא יַתְהוֹן עוּלֵימָא וְחַוִי לְאַבְשָׁלוֹם וַאֲזַלוּ תַרְוֵיהוֹן בִּפְרִיעַ וְעָלוּ לְבֵית גַבְרָא בְּעָלֵימַת וְלֵיהּ גוֹבָא בְּדַרְתֵּיהּ וּנְחָתוּ תַמָן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But a lad saw them, and told Absalom; and they went both of them away quickly, and came to the house of a man in Bahurim, who had a well in his court; and they went down thither.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.498/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:444`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 17:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.17/) - next →: [2 Samuel 17:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.19/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/17/)