--- title: 2 Samuel 17:21 — And it came to pass, after they were departed, that they came up out… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass, after they were departed, that they came up out of the well, and went and told king David; and they said unto David: 'Arise ye, and pass quickly over the water; for thus hath Ahithophel counselled against you.' Who acts: servant, groats, ye, Ahithophel. 2 Samuel 17:21 in Hebrew --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/17/) / 17:21 # 2 Samuel 17:21 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** servant, groats, ye, Ahithophel · **What happens:** come, pass, depart, come up, go, tell · **To what, where:** groats, well, king David, water · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 17:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — servant, groats, ye, Ahithophel — and what happens in the verse to groats, well, king David, water, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִ֣י ׀ אַחֲרֵ֣י לֶכְתָּ֗ם וַֽיַּעֲלוּ֙ מֵֽהַבְּאֵ֔ר וַיֵּ֣לְכ֔וּ וַיַּגִּ֖דוּ לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֑ד וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד ק֣וּמוּ וְעִבְר֤וּ מְהֵרָה֙ אֶת־הַמַּ֔יִם כִּי־כָ֛כָה יָעַ֥ץ עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם אֲחִיתֹֽפֶל׃ [And it came to pass, after they were departed, that they came up out of the well, and went and told king David; and they said unto David: 'Arise ye, and pass quickly over the water; for thus hath Ahithophel counselled against you.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.501/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:447 # text = וַיְהִ֣י ׀ אַחֲרֵ֣י לֶכְתָּ֗ם וַֽיַּעֲלוּ֙ מֵֽהַבְּאֵ֔ר וַיֵּ֣לְכ֔וּ וַיַּגִּ֖דוּ לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֑ד וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד ק֣וּמוּ וְעִבְר֤וּ מְהֵרָה֙ אֶת־הַמַּ֔יִם כִּי־כָ֛כָה יָעַ֥ץ עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם אֲחִיתֹֽפֶל׃ # verse = 2SA.17.21 1-2 וַיְהִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_17:21!1|MId=o100170210011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֣י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=2SA_17:21!1|MId=o100170210012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ Ref=2SA_17:21!1 4 אַחֲרֵ֣י אַחַר ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=2SA_17:21!2|MId=o100170210021|Strong=0310 5-6 לֶכְתָּ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לֶכְתּ הלך VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 advcl _ Gloss=they|Ref=2SA_17:21!3|MId=o100170210031|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:100170210032;|Type=infinitive_construct 6 ָ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ Gloss=had.gone|Ref=2SA_17:21!3|MId=o100170210032|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 7-8 וַֽיַּעֲלוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_17:21!4|MId=o100170210041|Strong=2050b 8 יַּעֲלוּ֙ עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.came.up|Ref=2SA_17:21!4|MId=o100170210042|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:100170170012;100170170022;|Type=wayyiqtol 9-11 מֵֽהַבְּאֵ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 מֵֽ מִן ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2SA_17:21!5|MId=o100170210051|Strong=4480 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_17:21!5|MId=o100170210052|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 בְּאֵ֔ר בְּאֵר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=well|Ref=2SA_17:21!5|MId=o100170210053|Strong=0875 12-13 וַיֵּ֣לְכ֔וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_17:21!6|MId=o100170210061|Strong=2050b 13 יֵּ֣לְכ֔וּ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.went|Ref=2SA_17:21!6|MId=o100170210062|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:100170170012;100170170022;|Type=wayyiqtol 14-15 וַיַּגִּ֖דוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_17:21!7|MId=o100170210071|Strong=2050b 15 יַּגִּ֖דוּ נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.told|Ref=2SA_17:21!7|MId=o100170210072|Strong=5046|Frame=A0:100170170012;100170170022;|Type=wayyiqtol 16-18 לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_17:21!8|MId=o100170210081|Strong=3807a 17 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_17:21!8|MId=o100170210081ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 מֶּ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=king|Ref=2SA_17:21!8|MId=o100170210082|Strong=4428 19 דָּוִ֑ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 18 appos _ Gloss=David|Ref=2SA_17:21!9|MId=o100170210091|Strong=1732 20-21 וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_17:21!10|MId=o100170210101|Strong=2050b 21 יֹּאמְר֣וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=2SA_17:21!10|MId=o100170210102|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100170170012;100170170022;|Type=wayyiqtol 22 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_17:21!11|MId=o100170210111|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 23 דָּוִ֗ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 21 obl _ Gloss=David|Ref=2SA_17:21!12|MId=o100170210121|Strong=1732 24 ק֣וּמוּ קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 21 ccomp _ Gloss=arise|Ref=2SA_17:21!13|MId=o100170210131|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:100170210121;100170160192;|Type=imperative 25-26 וְעִבְר֤וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_17:21!14|MId=o100170210141|Strong=2050b 26 עִבְר֤וּ עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 24 conj _ Gloss=pass.over|Ref=2SA_17:21!14|MId=o100170210142|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:100170210121;100170160192;|Type=imperative 27 מְהֵרָה֙ מְהֵרָה ADV _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 26 advmod _ Gloss=quickly|Ref=2SA_17:21!15|MId=o100170210151|Strong=4120 28 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_17:21!16|MId=o100170210161|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 29-30 הַמַּ֔יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_17:21!17|MId=o100170210171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 מַּ֔יִם מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 26 obl _ Gloss=water|Ref=2SA_17:21!17|MId=o100170210172|Strong=4325 31 כִּי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 33 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=2SA_17:21!18|MId=o100170210181|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 32 כָ֛כָה כָּכָה ADV _ _ 33 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=2SA_17:21!19|MId=o100170210191|Strong=3602 33 יָעַ֥ץ יָעַץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 24 advcl _ Gloss=he.has.counseled|Ref=2SA_17:21!20|MId=o100170210201|Strong=3289|Frame=A0:100170210221;|Type=qatal 34-35 עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 עֲלֵי עַל ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2SA_17:21!21|MId=o100170210211|Strong=5921 35 כֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 33 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=2SA_17:21!21|MId=o100170210212|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 36 אֲחִיתֹֽפֶל אֲחִיתֹפֶל PROPN _ _ 33 nsubj _ Gloss=Ahithophel|Ref=2SA_17:21!22|MId=o100170210221|Strong=0302|SpaceAfter=No 37 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=2SA_17:21!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | לֶכְתּ *they* | infinitive construct · qal | ָם *had gone* | | | | | יַּעֲלוּ *they came up* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יֵּלְכוּ *they went* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יַּגִּדוּ *they told* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | | | | | | יֹּאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | קוּמוּ *arise* | imperative · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | עִבְרוּ *pass over* | imperative · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | יָעַץ *he has counseled* | qatal · qal | אֲחִיתֹֽפֶל *Ahithophel* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה בָּתַר מֵיזַלְהוֹן וּסְלִיקוּ מִגוֹבָא וַאֲזַלוּ וְחַוִיאוּ לְמַלְכָּא דָוִד וַאֲמַרוּ לְדָוִד קוּמוּ וֶעֱבַרוּ בִּפְרִיעַ יַת יַרְדְנָא אֲרֵי כְדֵין מְלִיךְ עֲלֵיכוֹן אֲחִיתוֹפֶל: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it came to pass, after they were departed, that they came up out of the well, and went and told king David; and they said unto David: 'Arise ye, and pass quickly over the water; for thus hath Ahithophel counselled against you.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.501/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:447`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 17:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.20/) - next →: [2 Samuel 17:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.22/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/17/)