--- title: 2 Samuel 17:23 — And when Ahithophel saw that his counsel was not followed, he saddle… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And when Ahithophel saw that his counsel was not followed, he saddled his ass, and arose, and got him home, unto his city, and set his house in order, and strangled himself; and he died, and was buried in the sepulchre of his father. Who acts: Ahithophel, David. 2 Samuel 17:23 in Hebrew with its dep --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/17/) / 17:23 # 2 Samuel 17:23 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** Ahithophel, David · **What happens:** see, not follow, saddle, arise, get, set · **To what, where:** counsel, ass, David, house, order, sepulchre · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 17:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Ahithophel, David — and what happens in the verse to counsel, ass, David, house, order, sepulchre, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַאֲחִיתֹ֣פֶל רָאָ֗ה כִּ֣י לֹ֣א נֶעֶשְׂתָה֮ עֲצָתוֹ֒ וַיַּחֲבֹ֣שׁ אֶֽת־הַחֲמ֗וֹר וַיָּ֜קָם וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ אֶל־בֵּיתוֹ֙ אֶל־עִיר֔וֹ וַיְצַ֥ו אֶל־בֵּית֖וֹ וַיֵּחָנַ֑ק וַיָּ֕מָת וַיִּקָּבֵ֖ר בְּקֶ֥בֶר אָבִֽיו׃ס [And when Ahithophel saw that his counsel was not followed, he saddled his ass, and arose, and got him home, unto his city, and set his house in order, and strangled himself; and he died, and was buried in the sepulchre of his father.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.503/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:449 # text = וַאֲחִיתֹ֣פֶל רָאָ֗ה כִּ֣י לֹ֣א נֶעֶשְׂתָה֮ עֲצָתוֹ֒ וַיַּחֲבֹ֣שׁ אֶֽת־הַחֲמ֗וֹר וַיָּ֜קָם וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ אֶל־בֵּיתוֹ֙ אֶל־עִיר֔וֹ וַיְצַ֥ו אֶל־בֵּית֖וֹ וַיֵּחָנַ֑ק וַיָּ֕מָת וַיִּקָּבֵ֖ר בְּקֶ֥בֶר אָבִֽיו׃ס # verse = 2SA.17.23 1-2 וַאֲחִיתֹ֣פֶל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_17:23!1|MId=o100170230011|Strong=2050b 2 אֲחִיתֹ֣פֶל אֲחִיתֹפֶל PROPN _ _ 3 nsubj _ Gloss=Ahithophel|Ref=2SA_17:23!1|MId=o100170230012|Strong=0302 3 רָאָ֗ה רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.saw|Ref=2SA_17:23!2|MId=o100170230021|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:100170230012;A1:100170230051;|Type=qatal 4 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 6 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=2SA_17:23!3|MId=o100170230031|Strong=3588 5 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 6 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=2SA_17:23!4|MId=o100170230041|Strong=3808|Type=negative 6 נֶעֶשְׂתָה֮ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 ccomp _ Gloss=it.was.done|Ref=2SA_17:23!5|MId=o100170230051|Strong=6213|Frame=A1:100170230061;|Type=qatal 7-8 עֲצָתוֹ֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 עֲצָת עֵצָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ Gloss=counsel|Ref=2SA_17:23!6|MId=o100170230061|Strong=6098 8 וֹ֒ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_17:23!6|MId=o100170230062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 9-10 וַיַּחֲבֹ֣שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_17:23!7|MId=o100170230071|Strong=2050b 10 יַּחֲבֹ֣שׁ חָבַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.saddled|Ref=2SA_17:23!7|MId=o100170230072|Strong=2280|Frame=A0:100170230012;A1:100170230092;|Type=wayyiqtol 11 אֶֽת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_17:23!8|MId=o100170230081|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 12-13 הַחֲמ֗וֹר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_17:23!9|MId=o100170230091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 חֲמ֗וֹר חֲמוֹר NOUN _ Number=Sing 10 obj _ Gloss=donkey|Ref=2SA_17:23!9|MId=o100170230092|Strong=2543 14-15 וַיָּ֜קָם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_17:23!10|MId=o100170230101|Strong=2050b 15 יָּ֜קָם קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.arose|Ref=2SA_17:23!10|MId=o100170230102|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:100170230012;|Type=wayyiqtol 16-17 וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_17:23!11|MId=o100170230111|Strong=2050b 17 יֵּ֤לֶךְ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 15 conj _ Gloss=he.went|Ref=2SA_17:23!11|MId=o100170230112|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:100170230012;|Type=wayyiqtol 18 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_17:23!12|MId=o100170230121|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 19-20 בֵּיתוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 בֵּית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=house|Ref=2SA_17:23!13|MId=o100170230131|Strong=1004 20 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_17:23!13|MId=o100170230132|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 21 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_17:23!14|MId=o100170230141|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 22-23 עִיר֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 עִיר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=city|Ref=2SA_17:23!15|MId=o100170230151|Strong=5892 23 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_17:23!15|MId=o100170230152|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 24-25 וַיְצַ֥ו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_17:23!16|MId=o100170230161|Strong=2050b 25 יְצַ֥ו צָוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.commanded|Ref=2SA_17:23!16|MId=o100170230162|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:100170230012;|Type=wayyiqtol 26 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=concerning|Ref=2SA_17:23!17|MId=o100170230171|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 27-28 בֵּית֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 בֵּית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 obl _ Gloss=household|Ref=2SA_17:23!18|MId=o100170230181|Strong=1004 28 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_17:23!18|MId=o100170230182|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 29-30 וַיֵּחָנַ֑ק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_17:23!19|MId=o100170230191|Strong=2050b 30 יֵּחָנַ֑ק חָנַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.hanged.himself|Ref=2SA_17:23!19|MId=o100170230192|Strong=2614|Frame=A0:100170230012;|Type=wayyiqtol 31-32 וַיָּ֕מָת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_17:23!20|MId=o100170230201|Strong=2050b 32 יָּ֕מָת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.died|Ref=2SA_17:23!20|MId=o100170230202|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:100170230012;|Type=wayyiqtol 33-34 וַיִּקָּבֵ֖ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_17:23!21|MId=o100170230211|Strong=2050b 34 יִּקָּבֵ֖ר קָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.was.buried|Ref=2SA_17:23!21|MId=o100170230212|Strong=6912|Frame=A1:100170230012;|Type=wayyiqtol 35-36 בְּקֶ֥בֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_17:23!22|MId=o100170230221|Strong=0871a 36 קֶ֥בֶר קֶבֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 obl _ Gloss=the.tomb|Ref=2SA_17:23!22|MId=o100170230222|Strong=6913 37-38 אָבִֽיו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 אָבִֽי אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 36 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.father|Ref=2SA_17:23!23|MId=o100170230231|Strong=0001 38 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_17:23!23|MId=o100170230232|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 39 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 38 punct _ Ref=2SA_17:23!23|SpaceAfter=No 40 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 38 punct _ Ref=2SA_17:23!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | רָאָה *he saw* | qatal · qal | אֲחִיתֹפֶל *Ahithophel* | נֶעֶשְׂתָה *it was done* | | | | **not** נֶעֶשְׂתָה *it was done* | qatal · niphal | | עֲצָת *counsel* | | | | יַּחֲבֹשׁ *he saddled* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲחִיתֹפֶל *Ahithophel* | חֲמוֹר *donkey* | | | | יָּקָם *he arose* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲחִיתֹפֶל *Ahithophel* | | | | | יֵּלֶךְ *he went* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲחִיתֹפֶל *Ahithophel* | | | | | יְצַו *he commanded* | wayyiqtol · piel | אֲחִיתֹפֶל *Ahithophel* | | | | | יֵּחָנַק *he hanged himself* | wayyiqtol · niphal | אֲחִיתֹפֶל *Ahithophel* | | | | | יָּמָת *he died* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲחִיתֹפֶל *Ahithophel* | | | | | יִּקָּבֵר *he was buried* | wayyiqtol · niphal | | אֲחִיתֹפֶל *Ahithophel* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲחִיתוֹפֶל חֲזָא אֲרֵי לָא אִתְקַיָם מִלְכֵּיהּ וְזָרֵיז יַת חֲמָרָא וְקָם וַאֲזַל לְבֵיתֵיהּ וּלְקַרְתֵּיהּ וּפַקֵיד עַל אֱנַשׁ בֵּיתֵיהּ וְאִתְחַנַק וּמִית וְאִתְקְבַר בִּקְבְרָא דַאֲבוּהִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And when Ahithophel saw that his counsel was not followed, he saddled his ass, and arose, and got him home, unto his city, and set his house in order, and strangled himself; and he died, and was buried in the sepulchre of his father.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.503/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:449`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 17:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.22/) - next →: [2 Samuel 17:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.24/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/17/)