--- title: 2 Samuel 17:8 — Hushai said moreover: 'Thou knowest thy father and his men, that the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Hushai said moreover: 'Thou knowest thy father and his men, that they are mighty men, and they are embittered in their minds, as a bear robbed of her whelps in the field; and thy father is a man of war, and will not lodge with the people. Who acts: Hushai, Thou, father. 2 Samuel 17:8 in Hebrew with --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/17/) / 17:8 # 2 Samuel 17:8 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** Hushai, Thou, father · **What happens:** say, know, be, embitter, rob, not lodge · **To what, where:** father, mighty men, minds, bear, field, man · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 17:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Hushai, Thou, father — and what happens in the verse to father, mighty men, minds, bear, field, man, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֣אמֶר חוּשַׁ֗י אַתָּ֣ה יָ֠דַעְתָּ אֶת־אָבִ֨יךָ וְאֶת־אֲנָשָׁ֜יו כִּ֧י גִבֹּרִ֣ים הֵ֗מָּה וּמָרֵ֥י נֶ֙פֶשׁ֙ הֵ֔מָּה כְּדֹ֥ב שַׁכּ֖וּל בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה וְאָבִ֙יךָ֙ אִ֣ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֔ה וְלֹ֥א יָלִ֖ין אֶת־הָעָֽם׃ [Hushai said moreover: 'Thou knowest thy father and his men, that they are mighty men, and they are embittered in their minds, as a bear robbed of her whelps in the field; and thy father is a man of war, and will not lodge with the people.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.488/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:434 # text = וַיֹּ֣אמֶר חוּשַׁ֗י אַתָּ֣ה יָ֠דַעְתָּ אֶת־אָבִ֨יךָ וְאֶת־אֲנָשָׁ֜יו כִּ֧י גִבֹּרִ֣ים הֵ֗מָּה וּמָרֵ֥י נֶ֙פֶשׁ֙ הֵ֔מָּה כְּדֹ֥ב שַׁכּ֖וּל בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה וְאָבִ֙יךָ֙ אִ֣ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֔ה וְלֹ֥א יָלִ֖ין אֶת־הָעָֽם׃ # verse = 2SA.17.8 1-2 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_17:8!1|MId=o100170080011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2SA_17:8!1|MId=o100170080012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100170080021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 חוּשַׁ֗י חוּשַׁי PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Hushai|Ref=2SA_17:8!2|MId=o100170080021|Strong=2365 4 אַתָּ֣ה אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=2SA_17:8!3|MId=o100170080031|Strong=0859|Type=personal 5 יָ֠דַעְתָּ יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=you.know|Ref=2SA_17:8!4|MId=o100170080041|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:100170080031;A1:100170080061;100170080081;|Type=qatal 6 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_17:8!5|MId=o100170080051|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 אָבִ֨יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 אָבִ֨י אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obj _ Gloss=father|Ref=2SA_17:8!6|MId=o100170080061|Strong=0001 8 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=2SA_17:8!6|MId=o100170080062|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 9-10 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_17:8!7|MId=o100170080071|Strong=2050b 10 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_17:8!7|MId=o100170080072|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 11-12 אֲנָשָׁ֜יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 אֲנָשָׁ֜י אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 conj _ Gloss=men|Ref=2SA_17:8!8|MId=o100170080081|Strong=0376 12 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_17:8!8|MId=o100170080082|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 13 כִּ֧י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 14 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=2SA_17:8!9|MId=o100170080091|Strong=3588 14 גִבֹּרִ֣ים גִּבּוֹר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 parataxis _ Gloss=[are].warriors|Ref=2SA_17:8!10|MId=o100170080101|Strong=1368|Type=adjective 15 הֵ֗מָּה הֵמָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=2SA_17:8!11|MId=o100170080111|Strong=1992|Type=personal 16-17 וּמָרֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and.[are]|Ref=2SA_17:8!12|MId=o100170080121|Strong=2050b 17 מָרֵ֥י מַר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 conj _ Gloss=bitter|Ref=2SA_17:8!12|MId=o100170080122|Strong=4751|Type=adjective 18 נֶ֙פֶשׁ֙ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.soul|Ref=2SA_17:8!13|MId=o100170080131|Strong=5315 19 הֵ֔מָּה הֵמָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=2SA_17:8!14|MId=o100170080141|Strong=1992|Type=personal 20-21 כְּדֹ֥ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=2SA_17:8!15|MId=o100170080151|Strong=3509a 21 דֹ֥ב דֹּב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=a.bear|Ref=2SA_17:8!15|MId=o100170080152|Strong=1677 22 שַׁכּ֖וּל שַׁכּוּל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 amod _ Gloss=robbed.of.cubs|Ref=2SA_17:8!16|MId=o100170080161|Strong=7909|Type=adjective 23-25 בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_17:8!17|MId=o100170080171|Strong=0871a 24 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_17:8!17|MId=o100170080171ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 שָּׂדֶ֑ה שָׂדֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 nmod _ Gloss=field|Ref=2SA_17:8!17|MId=o100170080172|Strong=7704 26-28 וְאָבִ֙יךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_17:8!18|MId=o100170080181|Strong=2050b 27 אָבִ֙י אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ Gloss=father|Ref=2SA_17:8!18|MId=o100170080182|Strong=0001 28 ךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=2SA_17:8!18|MId=o100170080183|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 29 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 conj _ Gloss=[is].a.man|Ref=2SA_17:8!19|MId=o100170080191|Strong=0376 30 מִלְחָמָ֔ה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.war|Ref=2SA_17:8!20|MId=o100170080201|Strong=4421 31-32 וְלֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_17:8!21|MId=o100170080211|Strong=2050b 32 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 33 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=2SA_17:8!21|MId=o100170080212|Strong=3808|Type=negative 33 יָלִ֖ין לין VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 29 conj _ Gloss=he.will.pass.the.night|Ref=2SA_17:8!22|MId=o100170080221|Strong=3885a|Frame=A0:100170080182;|Type=yiqtol 34 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=2SA_17:8!23|MId=o100170080231|Strong=0854|SpaceAfter=No 35-36 הָעָֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 36 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_17:8!24|MId=o100170080241|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 36 עָֽם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 obl _ Gloss=people|Ref=2SA_17:8!24|MId=o100170080242|Strong=5971 37 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=2SA_17:8!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | חוּשַׁי *Hushai* | | | | | יָדַעְתָּ *you know* | qatal · qal | אַתָּה *you* | אָבִי *father* + אֲנָשָׁי *men* | | | | **not** יָלִין *he will pass the night* | yiqtol · qal | אָבִי *father* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר חוּשַׁי אַתְּ יְדַעְתָּא יַת אֲבוּךְ וְיַת גַבְרוֹהִי אֲרֵי גִבָּרִין אִינוּן וּמְרִירַן נַפְשָׁן אִינוּן כְּדוֹב תַּכֵּל בְּחַקְלָא וַאֲבוּךְ גְבַר עָבֵיד קְרָבִין וְלָא יְבִית יַת עַמָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Hushai said moreover: 'Thou knowest thy father and his men, that they are mighty men, and they are embittered in their minds, as a bear robbed of her whelps in the field; and thy father is a man of war, and will not lodge with the people.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.488/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:434`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 17:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.7/) - next →: [2 Samuel 17:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.17.9/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/17/)