--- title: 2 Samuel 18:18 — Now Absalom in his life-time had taken and reared up for himself the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now Absalom in his life-time had taken and reared up for himself the pillar, which is in the king's dale; for he said: 'I have no son to keep my name in remembrance'; and he called the pillar after his own name; and it is called Absalom's monument unto this day. Who acts: Absalom, pillar, I, my. 2 S --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/18/) / 18:18 # 2 Samuel 18:18 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** Absalom, pillar, I, my · **What happens:** take, rear up, be, say, have, keep · **To what, where:** pillar, dale, son, name, remembrance · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 18:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Absalom, pillar, I, my — and what happens in the verse to pillar, dale, son, name, remembrance, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְאַבְשָׁלֹ֣ם לָקַ֗ח וַיַּצֶּב־ל֤וֹ בְחַיָּיו֙ אֶת־מַצֶּ֙בֶת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּעֵֽמֶק־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ כִּ֤י אָמַר֙ אֵֽין־לִ֣י בֵ֔ן בַּעֲב֖וּר הַזְכִּ֣יר שְׁמִ֑י וַיִּקְרָ֤א לַמַּצֶּ֙בֶת֙ עַל־שְׁמ֔וֹ וַיִּקָּ֤רֵא לָהּ֙ יַ֣ד אַבְשָׁלֹ֔ם עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ס [Now Absalom in his life-time had taken and reared up for himself the pillar, which is in the king's dale; for he said: 'I have no son to keep my name in remembrance'; and he called the pillar after his own name; and it is called Absalom's monument unto this day.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.530/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:473 # text = וְאַבְשָׁלֹ֣ם לָקַ֗ח וַיַּצֶּב־ל֤וֹ בְחַיָּיו֙ אֶת־מַצֶּ֙בֶת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּעֵֽמֶק־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ כִּ֤י אָמַר֙ אֵֽין־לִ֣י בֵ֔ן בַּעֲב֖וּר הַזְכִּ֣יר שְׁמִ֑י וַיִּקְרָ֤א לַמַּצֶּ֙בֶת֙ עַל־שְׁמ֔וֹ וַיִּקָּ֤רֵא לָהּ֙ יַ֣ד אַבְשָׁלֹ֔ם עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ס # verse = 2SA.18.18 1-2 וְאַבְשָׁלֹ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:18!1|MId=o100180180011|Strong=2050b 2 אַבְשָׁלֹ֣ם אַבְשָׁלֹום PROPN _ _ 3 nsubj _ Gloss=Absalom|Ref=2SA_18:18!1|MId=o100180180012|Strong=0053 3 לָקַ֗ח לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.had.taken|Ref=2SA_18:18!2|MId=o100180180021|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:100180180012;A1:100180180081;|Type=qatal 4-5 וַיַּצֶּב־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:18!3|MId=o100180180031|Strong=2050b 5 יַּצֶּב־ נָצַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.had.set.up|Ref=2SA_18:18!3|MId=o100180180032|Strong=5324|Frame=AA:100180180012;A0:100180180081;|Type=wayyiqtol 6-7 ל֤וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 ל לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=2SA_18:18!4|MId=o100180180041|Strong=3807a 7 ֤וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 obl _ Gloss=himself|Ref=2SA_18:18!4|MId=o100180180042|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 8-10 בְחַיָּיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_18:18!6|MId=o100180180061|Strong=0871a 9 חַיָּי חַיִּים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 obl _ Gloss=life|Ref=2SA_18:18!6|MId=o100180180062|Strong=2416 10 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_18:18!6|MId=o100180180063|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 11 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_18:18!7|MId=o100180180071|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 12 מַצֶּ֙בֶת֙ מַצֶּבֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 obj _ Gloss=a.pillar|Ref=2SA_18:18!8|MId=o100180180081|Strong=4678 13 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 15 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=2SA_18:18!9|MId=o100180180091|Strong=0834|Type=relative 14-15 בְּעֵֽמֶק־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=[is].in|Ref=2SA_18:18!10|MId=o100180180101|Strong=0871a 15 עֵֽמֶק־ עֵמֶק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 acl:relcl _ Gloss=the.valley|Ref=2SA_18:18!10|MId=o100180180102|Strong=6010 16-17 הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=2SA_18:18!11|MId=o100180180111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 מֶּ֔לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=2SA_18:18!11|MId=o100180180112|Strong=4428 18 כִּ֤י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=2SA_18:18!12|MId=o100180180121|Strong=3588 19 אָמַר֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 advcl _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2SA_18:18!13|MId=o100180180131|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100180180012;|Type=qatal 20 אֵֽין־ אַיִן ADV _ _ 19 ccomp _ Gloss=there.[belongs].not|Ref=2SA_18:18!14|MId=o100180180141|Strong=0369|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 21-22 לִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 ל לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_18:18!15|MId=o100180180151|Strong=3807a 22 ִ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 20 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=2SA_18:18!15|MId=o100180180152|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 23 בֵ֔ן בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=a.son|Ref=2SA_18:18!16|MId=o100180180161|Strong=1121 24-25 בַּעֲב֖וּר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_18:18!17|MId=o100180180171|Strong=0871a 25 עֲב֖וּר עָבוּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=order|Ref=2SA_18:18!17|MId=o100180180172|Strong=5668 26 הַזְכִּ֣יר זָכַר VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 25 acl _ Gloss=to.cause.to.be.remembered|Ref=2SA_18:18!18|MId=o100180180181|Strong=2142|Frame=AA:100180180161;A0:100180180191;|Type=infinitive_construct 27-28 שְׁמִ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 שְׁמ שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 obj _ Gloss=name|Ref=2SA_18:18!19|MId=o100180180191|Strong=8034 28 ִ֑י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=2SA_18:18!19|MId=o100180180192|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 29-30 וַיִּקְרָ֤א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:18!20|MId=o100180180201|Strong=2050b 30 יִּקְרָ֤א קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.called|Ref=2SA_18:18!20|MId=o100180180202|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:100180180012;|Type=wayyiqtol 31-33 לַמַּצֶּ֙בֶת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=2SA_18:18!21|MId=o100180180211|Strong=3807a 32 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 33 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_18:18!21|MId=o100180180211ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 33 מַּצֶּ֙בֶת֙ מַצֶּבֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 30 obl _ Gloss=pillar|Ref=2SA_18:18!21|MId=o100180180212|Strong=4678 34 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2SA_18:18!22|MId=o100180180221|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 35-36 שְׁמ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 שְׁמ שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 obl _ Gloss=name|Ref=2SA_18:18!23|MId=o100180180231|Strong=8034 36 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his.own|Ref=2SA_18:18!23|MId=o100180180232|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 37-38 וַיִּקָּ֤רֵא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:18!24|MId=o100180180241|Strong=2050b 38 יִּקָּ֤רֵא קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=it.has.been.called|Ref=2SA_18:18!24|MId=o100180180242|Strong=7121|Frame=A1:100180180261;|Type=wayyiqtol 39-40 לָהּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 ל לְ ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_18:18!25|MId=o100180180251|Strong=3807a 40 ָהּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=2SA_18:18!25|MId=o100180180252|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 41 יַ֣ד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 38 nsubj _ Gloss=the.monument|Ref=2SA_18:18!26|MId=o100180180261|Strong=3027 42 אַבְשָׁלֹ֔ם אַבְשָׁלֹום PROPN _ _ 41 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Absalom|Ref=2SA_18:18!27|MId=o100180180271|Strong=0053 43 עַ֖ד עַד ADP _ _ 45 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=2SA_18:18!28|MId=o100180180281|Strong=5704 44-45 הַיּ֥וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 45 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_18:18!29|MId=o100180180291|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 45 יּ֥וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 38 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=2SA_18:18!29|MId=o100180180292|Strong=3117 46-47 הַזֶּֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 47 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2SA_18:18!30|MId=o100180180301|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 47 זֶּֽה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 45 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=2SA_18:18!30|MId=o100180180302|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 48 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 47 punct _ Ref=2SA_18:18!30|SpaceAfter=No 49 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 47 punct _ Ref=2SA_18:18!30 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | לָקַח *he had taken* | qatal · qal | אַבְשָׁלֹם *Absalom* | מַצֶּבֶת *a pillar* | | | | יַּצֶּב־ *he had set up* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | מַצֶּבֶת *a pillar* | | | אַבְשָׁלֹם *Absalom* | | **not** אָמַר *he said* | qatal · qal | אַבְשָׁלֹם *Absalom* | | | | | הַזְכִּיר *to cause to be remembered* | infinitive construct · hiphil | שְׁמ *name* | | | בֵן *a son* | | יִּקְרָא *he called* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַבְשָׁלֹם *Absalom* | | | | | יִּקָּרֵא *it has been called* | wayyiqtol · niphal | | יַד *the monument* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאַבְשָׁלוֹם נְסִיב וַאֲקֵים לֵיהּ בְּחַיוֹהִי יַת קָמָתָא דִי בְּמֵישַׁר מַלְכָּא אֲרֵי אֲמַר לֵית לִי בַר קַיָם בְּדִיל לְאַדְכָּרָא שְׁמִי וּקְרָא לְקָמָתָא עַל שְׁמֵיהּ וּקְרָא לָהּ אַתְרָא דְאַבְשָׁלוֹם עַד יוֹמָא הָדֵין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now Absalom in his life-time had taken and reared up for himself the pillar, which is in the king's dale; for he said: 'I have no son to keep my name in remembrance'; and he called the pillar after his own name; and it is called Absalom's monument unto this day.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.530/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:473`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 18:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.17/) - next →: [2 Samuel 18:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.19/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/18/)