--- title: 2 Samuel 18:2 — And David sent forth the people, a third part under the hand of Joab… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And David sent forth the people, a third part under the hand of Joab, and a third part under the hand of Abishai the son of Zeruiah, Joab's brother, and a third part under the hand of Ittai the Gittite. And the king said unto the people: 'I will surely go forth with you myself also.' Who acts: David --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/18/) / 18:2 # 2 Samuel 18:2 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** David, king, I · **What happens:** send forth, say, go · **To what, where:** people · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 18:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, king, I — and what happens in the verse to people, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְשַׁלַּ֨ח דָּוִ֜ד אֶת־הָעָ֗ם הַשְּׁלִשִׁ֤ית בְּיַד־יוֹאָב֙ וְ֠הַשְּׁלִשִׁית בְּיַ֨ד אֲבִישַׁ֤י בֶּן־צְרוּיָה֙ אֲחִ֣י יוֹאָ֔ב וְהַ֨שְּׁלִשִׁ֔ת בְּיַ֖ד אִתַּ֣י הַגִּתִּ֑יס וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֶל־הָעָ֔ם יָצֹ֥א אֵצֵ֛א גַּם־אֲנִ֖י עִמָּכֶֽם׃ [And David sent forth the people, a third part under the hand of Joab, and a third part under the hand of Abishai the son of Zeruiah, Joab's brother, and a third part under the hand of Ittai the Gittite.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.512/) [And the king said unto the people: 'I will surely go forth with you myself also.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.513/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:457 # text = וַיְשַׁלַּ֨ח דָּוִ֜ד אֶת־הָעָ֗ם הַשְּׁלִשִׁ֤ית בְּיַד־יוֹאָב֙ וְ֠הַשְּׁלִשִׁית בְּיַ֨ד אֲבִישַׁ֤י בֶּן־צְרוּיָה֙ אֲחִ֣י יוֹאָ֔ב וְהַ֨שְּׁלִשִׁ֔ת בְּיַ֖ד אִתַּ֣י הַגִּתִּ֑יס וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֶל־הָעָ֔ם יָצֹ֥א אֵצֵ֛א גַּם־אֲנִ֖י עִמָּכֶֽם׃ # verse = 2SA.18.2 1-2 וַיְשַׁלַּ֨ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:2!1|MId=o100180020011|Strong=2050b 2 יְשַׁלַּ֨ח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.sent.out|Ref=2SA_18:2!1|MId=o100180020012|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:100180020021;A1:100180020042;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דָּוִ֜ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=2SA_18:2!2|MId=o100180020021|Strong=1732 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_18:2!3|MId=o100180020031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 הָעָ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_18:2!4|MId=o100180020041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 עָ֗ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=people|Ref=2SA_18:2!4|MId=o100180020042|Strong=5971 7-8 הַשְּׁלִשִׁ֤ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_18:2!5|MId=o100180020051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 שְּׁלִשִׁ֤ית שְׁלִישִׁית NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Gloss=third|Ref=2SA_18:2!5|MId=o100180020052|Strong=7992 9-10 בְּיַד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=[was].in|Ref=2SA_18:2!6|MId=o100180020061|Strong=0871a 10 יַד־ יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=2SA_18:2!6|MId=o100180020062|Strong=3027 11 יוֹאָב֙ יוֹאָב PROPN _ _ 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Joab|Ref=2SA_18:2!7|MId=o100180020071|Strong=3097 12-14 וְ֠הַשְּׁלִשִׁית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:2!8|MId=o100180020081|Strong=2050b 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_18:2!8|MId=o100180020082|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 שְּׁלִשִׁית שְׁלִישִׁית NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ Gloss=third|Ref=2SA_18:2!8|MId=o100180020083|Strong=7992 15-16 בְּיַ֨ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=[was].in|Ref=2SA_18:2!9|MId=o100180020091|Strong=0871a 16 יַ֨ד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=2SA_18:2!9|MId=o100180020092|Strong=3027 17 אֲבִישַׁ֤י אֲבִישַׁי PROPN _ _ 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Abishai|Ref=2SA_18:2!10|MId=o100180020101|Strong=0052 18 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=2SA_18:2!11|MId=o100180020111|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 19 צְרוּיָה֙ צְרוּיָה PROPN _ _ 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Zeruiah|Ref=2SA_18:2!12|MId=o100180020121|Strong=6870 20 אֲחִ֣י אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 appos _ Gloss=the.brother|Ref=2SA_18:2!13|MId=o100180020131|Strong=0251 21 יוֹאָ֔ב יוֹאָב PROPN _ _ 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Joab|Ref=2SA_18:2!14|MId=o100180020141|Strong=3097 22-24 וְהַ֨שְּׁלִשִׁ֔ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:2!15|MId=o100180020151|Strong=2050b 23 הַ֨ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_18:2!15|MId=o100180020152|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 שְּׁלִשִׁ֔ת שְׁלִישִׁית NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ Gloss=third|Ref=2SA_18:2!15|MId=o100180020153|Strong=7992|Type=ordinal_number 25-26 בְּיַ֖ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=[was].in|Ref=2SA_18:2!16|MId=o100180020161|Strong=0871a 26 יַ֖ד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=2SA_18:2!16|MId=o100180020162|Strong=3027 27 אִתַּ֣י אִתַּי PROPN _ _ 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ittai|Ref=2SA_18:2!17|MId=o100180020171|Strong=0863 28-29 הַגִּתִּ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_18:2!18|MId=o100180020181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 גִּתִּ֑י גִּתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 appos _ Gloss=Gittite|Ref=2SA_18:2!18|MId=o100180020182|Strong=1663|Type=gentilic 30 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=2SA_18:2!18 31-32 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:2!19|MId=o100180020191|Strong=2050b 32 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2SA_18:2!19|MId=o100180020192|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100180020212;|Type=wayyiqtol 33-34 הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_18:2!20|MId=o100180020201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 מֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=2SA_18:2!20|MId=o100180020202|Strong=4428 35 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_18:2!21|MId=o100180020211|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 36-37 הָעָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 37 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_18:2!22|MId=o100180020221|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 37 עָ֔ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 obl _ Gloss=people|Ref=2SA_18:2!22|MId=o100180020222|Strong=5971 38 יָצֹ֥א יָצָא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 39 obl:npmod _ Gloss=certainly.(go.out)|Ref=2SA_18:2!23|MId=o100180020231|Strong=3318|Type=infinitive_absolute 39 אֵצֵ֛א יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 32 ccomp _ Gloss=I.will.go.out|Ref=2SA_18:2!24|MId=o100180020241|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:100180020271;|Type=yiqtol 40 גַּם־ גַּם ADV _ _ 41 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=2SA_18:2!25|MId=o100180020251|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation|SpaceAfter=No 41 אֲנִ֖י אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 39 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=2SA_18:2!26|MId=o100180020261|Strong=0589|Type=personal 42-43 עִמָּכֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 43 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=2SA_18:2!27|MId=o100180020271|Strong=5973 43 ָכֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 39 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=2SA_18:2!27|MId=o100180020272|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 44 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 43 punct _ Ref=2SA_18:2!27 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְשַׁלַּח *he sent out* | wayyiqtol · piel | דָּוִד *David* | עָם *people* | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | אֵצֵא *I will go out* | yiqtol · qal | עִמּ *with* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּשְׁלַח דָוִד יַת עַמָא תִּלְתָּא בְיַד יוֹאָב וְתִלְתָּא בְּיַד אֲבִישַׁי בַּר צְרוּיָה אֲחוּהִי דְיוֹאָב וְתִלְתָּא בְּיַד אִתַּי גִתָּאָה וַאֲמַר מַלְכָּא לְעַמָא מִפַּק אֱפֹּק אַף אֲנָא עִמְכוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And David sent forth the people, a third part under the hand of Joab, and a third part under the hand of Abishai the son of Zeruiah, Joab's brother, and a third part under the hand of Ittai the Gittite.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.512/) 2. [And the king said unto the people: 'I will surely go forth with you myself also.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.513/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:457`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 18:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.1/) - next →: [2 Samuel 18:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.3/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/18/)