--- title: 2 Samuel 18:20 — And Joab said unto him: 'Thou shalt not be the bearer of tidings thi… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Joab said unto him: 'Thou shalt not be the bearer of tidings this day, but thou shalt bear tidings another day; but this day thou shalt bear no tidings, forasmuch as the king's son is dead.' Who acts: Joab, Thou, son. 2 Samuel 18:20 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 a --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/18/) / 18:20 # 2 Samuel 18:20 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** Joab, Thou, son · **What happens:** say, not be, bear, be · **To what, where:** bearer, tidings · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 18:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joab, Thou, son — and what happens in the verse to bearer, tidings, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֧אמֶר ל֣וֹ יוֹאָ֗ב לֹא֩ אִ֨ישׁ בְּשֹׂרָ֤ה אַתָּה֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה וּבִשַּׂרְתָּ֖ בְּי֣וֹם אַחֵ֑ר וְהַיּ֤וֹם הַזֶּה֙ לֹ֣א תְבַשֵּׂ֔ר כִּֽי־עַל־כֵּ֥ןבֶּן־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ מֵֽת׃ [And Joab said unto him: 'Thou shalt not be the bearer of tidings this day, but thou shalt bear tidings another day; but this day thou shalt bear no tidings, forasmuch as the king's son is dead.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.532/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:475 # text = וַיֹּ֧אמֶר ל֣וֹ יוֹאָ֗ב לֹא֩ אִ֨ישׁ בְּשֹׂרָ֤ה אַתָּה֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה וּבִשַּׂרְתָּ֖ בְּי֣וֹם אַחֵ֑ר וְהַיּ֤וֹם הַזֶּה֙ לֹ֣א תְבַשֵּׂ֔ר כִּֽי־עַל־כֵּ֥ןבֶּן־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ מֵֽת׃ # verse = 2SA.18.20 1-2 וַיֹּ֧אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:20!1|MId=o100180200011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֧אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2SA_18:20!1|MId=o100180200012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100180200031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 ל֣וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ל לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_18:20!2|MId=o100180200021|Strong=3807a 4 ֣וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_18:20!2|MId=o100180200022|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 5 יוֹאָ֗ב יוֹאָב PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Joab|Ref=2SA_18:20!3|MId=o100180200031|Strong=3097 6 לֹא֩ לֹא ADV _ _ 7 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=2SA_18:20!4|MId=o100180200041|Strong=3808|Type=negative 7 אִ֨ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 ccomp _ Gloss=[are].a.man|Ref=2SA_18:20!5|MId=o100180200051|Strong=0376 8 בְּשֹׂרָ֤ה בְּשֹׂרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.news|Ref=2SA_18:20!6|MId=o100180200061|Strong=1309 9 אַתָּה֙ אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=2SA_18:20!7|MId=o100180200071|Strong=0859|Type=personal 10-11 הַיּ֣וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_18:20!8|MId=o100180200081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 יּ֣וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=2SA_18:20!8|MId=o100180200082|Strong=3117 12-13 הַזֶּ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2SA_18:20!9|MId=o100180200091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 זֶּ֔ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 11 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=2SA_18:20!9|MId=o100180200092|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 14-15 וּבִשַּׂרְתָּ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:20!10|MId=o100180200101|Strong=2050b 15 בִשַּׂרְתָּ֖ בָּשַׂר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=2 7 conj _ Gloss=you.will.bear.news|Ref=2SA_18:20!10|MId=o100180200102|Strong=1319|Frame=A0:100180190012;|Type=weqatal 16-17 בְּי֣וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2SA_18:20!11|MId=o100180200111|Strong=0871a 17 י֣וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=a.day|Ref=2SA_18:20!11|MId=o100180200112|Strong=3117 18 אַחֵ֑ר אַחֵר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 amod _ Gloss=another|Ref=2SA_18:20!12|MId=o100180200121|Strong=0312|Type=adjective 19-21 וְהַיּ֤וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:20!13|MId=o100180200131|Strong=2050b 20 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_18:20!13|MId=o100180200132|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 יּ֤וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=2SA_18:20!13|MId=o100180200133|Strong=3117 22-23 הַזֶּה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2SA_18:20!14|MId=o100180200141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 זֶּה֙ זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 21 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=2SA_18:20!14|MId=o100180200142|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 24 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 25 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=2SA_18:20!15|MId=o100180200151|Strong=3808|Type=negative 25 תְבַשֵּׂ֔ר בָּשַׂר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=2 7 conj _ Gloss=you.will.bear.the.news|Ref=2SA_18:20!16|MId=o100180200161|Strong=1319|Frame=A0:100180190012;|Type=yiqtol 26 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 28 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=2SA_18:20!17|MId=o100180200171|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 27 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=2SA_18:20!19|MId=o100180200191|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 28-29 כֵּ֥ןבֶּן־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 כֵּ֥ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=|Ref=2SA_18:20!20|MId=o100180200201|Strong=3651|Type=demonstrative 29 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=2SA_18:20!21|MId=o100180200211|Strong=1121 30-31 הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=2SA_18:20!22|MId=o100180200221|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 מֶּ֖לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=2SA_18:20!22|MId=o100180200222|Strong=4428 32 מֵֽת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 parataxis _ Gloss=he.has.died|Ref=2SA_18:20!23|MId=o100180200231|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:100180200221;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=2SA_18:20!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יוֹאָב *Joab* | | | | | בִשַּׂרְתָּ *you will bear news* | weqatal · piel | | | | | | **not** תְבַשֵּׂר *you will bear the news* | yiqtol · piel | | | | | | מֵֽת *he has died* | qatal · qal | הַ *of* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ יוֹאָב לָא גְבַר כְּשַׁר לְבַסָרָא אַתְּ יוֹמָא דֵין וּתְבַסֵר בְּיוֹם אוֹחֲרָן וְיוֹמָא הָדֵין לָא תְבַסֵר אֱלָהֵין דְבַּר מַלְכָּא מִית: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Joab said unto him: 'Thou shalt not be the bearer of tidings this day, but thou shalt bear tidings another day; but this day thou shalt bear no tidings, forasmuch as the king's son is dead.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.532/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:475`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 18:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.19/) - next →: [2 Samuel 18:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.21/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/18/)