--- title: 2 Samuel 18:21 — Then said Joab to the Cushite: 'Go tell the king what thou hast seen… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then said Joab to the Cushite: 'Go tell the king what thou hast seen.' And the Cushite bowed down unto Joab, and ran. Who acts: Joab, thou, Cushite. 2 Samuel 18:21 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/18/) / 18:21 # 2 Samuel 18:21 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** Joab, thou, Cushite · **What happens:** say, go, tell, see, bow down, run · **To what, where:** king · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 18:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joab, thou, Cushite — and what happens in the verse to king, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יוֹאָב֙ לַכּוּשִׁ֔י לֵ֛ךְ הַגֵּ֥ד לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָאִ֑יתָה וַיִּשְׁתַּ֧חוּ כוּשִׁ֛י לְיוֹאָ֖ב וַיָּרֹֽץ׃ [Then said Joab to the Cushite: 'Go tell the king what thou hast seen.' And the Cushite bowed down unto Joab, and ran.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.533/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:476 # text = וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יוֹאָב֙ לַכּוּשִׁ֔י לֵ֛ךְ הַגֵּ֥ד לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָאִ֑יתָה וַיִּשְׁתַּ֧חוּ כוּשִׁ֛י לְיוֹאָ֖ב וַיָּרֹֽץ׃ # verse = 2SA.18.21 1-2 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:21!1|MId=o100180210011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2SA_18:21!1|MId=o100180210012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100180210021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יוֹאָב֙ יוֹאָב PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Joab|Ref=2SA_18:21!2|MId=o100180210021|Strong=3097 4-6 לַכּוּשִׁ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_18:21!3|MId=o100180210031|Strong=3807a 5 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_18:21!3|MId=o100180210031ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 כּוּשִׁ֔י כֻּשִׁי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=Cushite|Ref=2SA_18:21!3|MId=o100180210032|Strong=3569|Type=gentilic 7 לֵ֛ךְ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=go|Ref=2SA_18:21!4|MId=o100180210041|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:100180210033;|Type=imperative 8 הַגֵּ֥ד נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 7 parataxis _ Gloss=tell|Ref=2SA_18:21!5|MId=o100180210051|Strong=5046|Frame=AA:100180210033;A0:100180210081;|Type=imperative 9-11 לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_18:21!6|MId=o100180210061|Strong=3807a 10 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_18:21!6|MId=o100180210061ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 מֶּ֖לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=king|Ref=2SA_18:21!6|MId=o100180210062|Strong=4428 12 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 13 mark _ Gloss=[that].which|Ref=2SA_18:21!7|MId=o100180210071|Strong=0834|Type=relative 13 רָאִ֑יתָה רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 8 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you.have.seen|Ref=2SA_18:21!8|MId=o100180210081|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:100180210033;|Type=qatal 14-15 וַיִּשְׁתַּ֧חוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:21!9|MId=o100180210091|Strong=2050b 15 יִּשְׁתַּ֧חוּ חוה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.bowed.down|Ref=2SA_18:21!9|MId=o100180210092|Strong=7812a|Frame=A0:100180210101;|Type=wayyiqtol 16 כוּשִׁ֛י כֻּשִׁי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].Cushite|Ref=2SA_18:21!10|MId=o100180210101|Strong=3569|Type=gentilic 17-18 לְיוֹאָ֖ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_18:21!11|MId=o100180210111|Strong=3807a 18 יוֹאָ֖ב יוֹאָב PROPN _ _ 15 obl _ Gloss=Joab|Ref=2SA_18:21!11|MId=o100180210112|Strong=3097 19-20 וַיָּרֹֽץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:21!12|MId=o100180210121|Strong=2050b 20 יָּרֹֽץ רוּץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.ran|Ref=2SA_18:21!12|MId=o100180210122|Strong=7323|Frame=A0:100180210101;|Type=wayyiqtol 21 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=2SA_18:21!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יוֹאָב *Joab* | | | | | לֵךְ *go* | imperative · qal | | | | | | הַגֵּד *tell* | imperative · hiphil | רָאִיתָה *you have seen* | | | | | רָאִיתָה *you have seen* | qatal · qal | | | | | | יִּשְׁתַּחוּ *he bowed down* | wayyiqtol · hithpael | כוּשִׁי *\[the\] Cushite* | | | | | יָּרֹֽץ *he ran* | wayyiqtol · qal | כוּשִׁי *\[the\] Cushite* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר יוֹאָב לְכוּשִׁי אֱזֵיל חַוֵי לְמַלְכָּא דַחֲזֵיתָא וּסְגִיד כּוּשִׁי לְיוֹאָב וּרְהַט: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then said Joab to the Cushite: 'Go tell the king what thou hast seen.' And the Cushite bowed down unto Joab, and ran.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.533/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:476`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 18:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.20/) - next →: [2 Samuel 18:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.22/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/18/)