--- title: 2 Samuel 18:26 — And the watchman saw another man running; and the watchman called un… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the watchman saw another man running; and the watchman called unto the porter, and said: 'Behold another man running alone.' And the king said: 'He also bringeth tidings.' Who acts: watchman, man, king. 2 Samuel 18:26 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmati --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.26/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/18/) / 18:26 # 2 Samuel 18:26 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** watchman, man, king · **What happens:** see, run, call, say, behold, bring · **To what, where:** man, tidings · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 18:26 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — watchman, man, king — and what happens in the verse to man, tidings, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּ֣רְא הַצֹּפֶה֮ אִישׁ־אַחֵ֣ר רָץ֒ וַיִּקְרָ֤א הַצֹּפֶה֙ אֶל־הַשֹּׁעֵ֔ר וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הִנֵּה־אִ֖ישׁ רָ֣ץ לְבַדּ֑וֹ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ גַּם־זֶ֥ה מְבַשֵּֽׂר׃ [And the watchman saw another man running; and the watchman called unto the porter, and said: 'Behold another man running alone.' And the king said: 'He also bringeth tidings.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.539/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:481 # text = וַיַּ֣רְא הַצֹּפֶה֮ אִישׁ־אַחֵ֣ר רָץ֒ וַיִּקְרָ֤א הַצֹּפֶה֙ אֶל־הַשֹּׁעֵ֔ר וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הִנֵּה־אִ֖ישׁ רָ֣ץ לְבַדּ֑וֹ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ גַּם־זֶ֥ה מְבַשֵּֽׂר׃ # verse = 2SA.18.26 1-2 וַיַּ֣רְא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:26!1|MId=o100180260011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּ֣רְא רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.saw|Ref=2SA_18:26!1|MId=o100180260012|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:100180260022;A1:100180260051;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הַצֹּפֶה֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_18:26!2|MId=o100180260021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 צֹּפֶה֮ צָפָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=watchman|Ref=2SA_18:26!2|MId=o100180260022|Strong=6822|Type=participle_active 5 אִישׁ־ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ Gloss=a.man|Ref=2SA_18:26!3|MId=o100180260031|Strong=0376|SpaceAfter=No 6 אַחֵ֣ר אַחֵר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 amod _ Gloss=another|Ref=2SA_18:26!4|MId=o100180260041|Strong=0312|Type=adjective 7 רָץ֒ רוּץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 ccomp _ Gloss=running|Ref=2SA_18:26!5|MId=o100180260051|Strong=7323|Frame=A0:100180260031;|Type=participle_active 8-9 וַיִּקְרָ֤א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:26!6|MId=o100180260061|Strong=2050b 9 יִּקְרָ֤א קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.called.out|Ref=2SA_18:26!6|MId=o100180260062|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:100180260072;|Type=wayyiqtol 10-11 הַצֹּפֶה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_18:26!7|MId=o100180260071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 צֹּפֶה֙ צָפָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ Gloss=watchman|Ref=2SA_18:26!7|MId=o100180260072|Strong=6822|Type=participle_active 12 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_18:26!8|MId=o100180260081|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 הַשֹּׁעֵ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_18:26!9|MId=o100180260091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 שֹּׁעֵ֔ר שֹׁועֵר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=gatekeeper|Ref=2SA_18:26!9|MId=o100180260092|Strong=7778 15-16 וַיֹּ֕אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:26!10|MId=o100180260101|Strong=2050b 16 יֹּ֕אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2SA_18:26!10|MId=o100180260102|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100180260072;|Type=wayyiqtol 17 הִנֵּה־ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 19 discourse _ Gloss=there!|Ref=2SA_18:26!11|MId=o100180260111|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative|SpaceAfter=No 18 אִ֖ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ Gloss=a.man|Ref=2SA_18:26!12|MId=o100180260121|Strong=0376 19 רָ֣ץ רוּץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 16 ccomp _ Gloss=[is].running|Ref=2SA_18:26!13|MId=o100180260131|Strong=7323|Frame=A0:100180260121;|Type=participle_active 20-22 לְבַדּ֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=he|Ref=2SA_18:26!14|MId=o100180260141|Strong=3807a 21 בַדּ בַּד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=2SA_18:26!14|MId=o100180260142|Strong=0905 22 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=alone|Ref=2SA_18:26!14|MId=o100180260143|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 23-24 וַיֹּ֥אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:26!15|MId=o100180260151|Strong=2050b 24 יֹּ֥אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2SA_18:26!15|MId=o100180260152|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100180260162;|Type=wayyiqtol 25-26 הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_18:26!16|MId=o100180260161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 מֶּ֖לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=2SA_18:26!16|MId=o100180260162|Strong=4428 27 גַּם־ גַּם ADV _ _ 28 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=2SA_18:26!17|MId=o100180260171|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation|SpaceAfter=No 28 זֶ֥ה זֶה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 29 nsubj _ Gloss=this.one|Ref=2SA_18:26!18|MId=o100180260181|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 29 מְבַשֵּֽׂר בָּשַׂר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing 24 ccomp _ Gloss=[is].bearing.news|Ref=2SA_18:26!19|MId=o100180260191|Strong=1319|Frame=A0:100180260181;|Type=participle_active|SpaceAfter=No 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=2SA_18:26!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּרְא *he saw* | wayyiqtol · qal | צֹּפֶה *watchman* | רָץ *running* | | | | רָץ *running* | participle active · qal | אִישׁ־ *a man* | | | | | יִּקְרָא *he called out* | wayyiqtol · qal | צֹּפֶה *watchman* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | צֹּפֶה *watchman* | | | | | רָץ *\[is\] running* | participle active · qal | אִישׁ *a man* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | | | מְבַשֵּֽׂר *\[is\] bearing news* | participle active · piel | זֶה *this one* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַחֲזָא סַכְוָאָה גַבְרָא אַחֲרָנָא רָהִיט וּקְרָא סַכְוָאָה לְנָטַר תַּרְעָא וַאֲמַר הָא גַבְרָא רָהִיט בִּלְחוֹדוֹהִי וַאֲמַר מַלְכָּא אַף דֵין מְבַסֵר: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the watchman saw another man running; and the watchman called unto the porter, and said: 'Behold another man running alone.' And the king said: 'He also bringeth tidings.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.539/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:481`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 18:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.25/) - next →: [2 Samuel 18:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.27/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/18/)