--- title: 2 Samuel 18:27 — And the watchman said: 'I think the running of the foremost is like… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the watchman said: 'I think the running of the foremost is like the running of Ahimaaz the son of Zadok.' And the king said: 'He is a good man, and cometh with good tidings.' Who acts: watchman, I, running, king. 2 Samuel 18:27 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.27/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/18/) / 18:27 # 2 Samuel 18:27 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** watchman, I, running, king, foremost · **What happens:** say, think, be, come, run · **To what, where:** good man · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 18:27 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — watchman, I, running, king, foremost — and what happens in the verse to good man, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַצֹּפֶ֔ה אֲנִ֤י רֹאֶה֙ אֶת־מְרוּצַ֣ת הָרִאשׁ֔וֹן כִּמְרֻצַ֖ת אֲחִימַ֣עַץ בֶּן־צָד֑וֹק וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אִֽישׁ־ט֣וֹב זֶ֔ה וְאֶל־בְּשׂוֹרָ֥ה טוֹבָ֖ה יָבֽוֹא׃ [And the watchman said: 'I think the running of the foremost is like the running of Ahimaaz the son of Zadok.' And the king said: 'He is a good man, and cometh with good tidings.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.540/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:482 # text = וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַצֹּפֶ֔ה אֲנִ֤י רֹאֶה֙ אֶת־מְרוּצַ֣ת הָרִאשׁ֔וֹן כִּמְרֻצַ֖ת אֲחִימַ֣עַץ בֶּן־צָד֑וֹק וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אִֽישׁ־ט֣וֹב זֶ֔ה וְאֶל־בְּשׂוֹרָ֥ה טוֹבָ֖ה יָבֽוֹא׃ # verse = 2SA.18.27 1-2 וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:27!1|MId=o100180270011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2SA_18:27!1|MId=o100180270012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100180270022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הַצֹּפֶ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_18:27!2|MId=o100180270021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 צֹּפֶ֔ה צָפָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=watchman|Ref=2SA_18:27!2|MId=o100180270022|Strong=6822|Type=participle_active 5 אֲנִ֤י אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=2SA_18:27!3|MId=o100180270031|Strong=0589|Type=personal 6 רֹאֶה֙ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 ccomp _ Gloss=[am].seeing|Ref=2SA_18:27!4|MId=o100180270041|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:100180270031;A1:100180270061;|Type=participle_active 7 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_18:27!5|MId=o100180270051|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 8 מְרוּצַ֣ת מְרוּצָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 obj _ Gloss=the.running|Ref=2SA_18:27!6|MId=o100180270061|Strong=4794 9-10 הָרִאשׁ֔וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=2SA_18:27!7|MId=o100180270071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 רִאשׁ֔וֹן רִאשׁוֹן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.first.[one]|Ref=2SA_18:27!7|MId=o100180270072|Strong=7223|Type=ordinal_number 11-12 כִּמְרֻצַ֖ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 כִּ כְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=2SA_18:27!8|MId=o100180270081|Strong=3509a 12 מְרֻצַ֖ת מְרוּצָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=the.running|Ref=2SA_18:27!8|MId=o100180270082|Strong=4794 13 אֲחִימַ֣עַץ אֲחִימַעַץ PROPN _ _ 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ahimaaz|Ref=2SA_18:27!9|MId=o100180270091|Strong=0290 14 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=2SA_18:27!10|MId=o100180270101|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 15 צָד֑וֹק צָדוֹק PROPN _ _ 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Zadok|Ref=2SA_18:27!11|MId=o100180270111|Strong=6659 16-17 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:27!12|MId=o100180270121|Strong=2050b 17 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2SA_18:27!12|MId=o100180270122|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100180270132;|Type=wayyiqtol 18-19 הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_18:27!13|MId=o100180270131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 מֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=2SA_18:27!13|MId=o100180270132|Strong=4428 20 אִֽישׁ־ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 ccomp _ Gloss=[is].a.man|Ref=2SA_18:27!14|MId=o100180270141|Strong=0376|SpaceAfter=No 21 ט֣וֹב טוֹב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 amod _ Gloss=good|Ref=2SA_18:27!15|MId=o100180270151|Strong=2896|Type=adjective 22 זֶ֔ה זֶה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 20 nsubj _ Gloss=this|Ref=2SA_18:27!16|MId=o100180270161|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 23-24 וְאֶל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:27!17|MId=o100180270171|Strong=2050b 24 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=2SA_18:27!17|MId=o100180270172|Strong=0413 25 בְּשׂוֹרָ֥ה בְּשֹׂרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 27 obl _ Gloss=news|Ref=2SA_18:27!18|MId=o100180270181|Strong=1309 26 טוֹבָ֖ה טוֹב ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 25 amod _ Gloss=good|Ref=2SA_18:27!19|MId=o100180270191|Strong=2896|Type=adjective 27 יָבֽוֹא בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 20 conj _ Gloss=he.is.coming|Ref=2SA_18:27!20|MId=o100180270201|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:100180270091;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=2SA_18:27!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | צֹּפֶה *watchman* | | | | | רֹאֶה *\[am\] seeing* | participle active · qal | אֲנִי *I* | מְרוּצַת *the running* | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | | | יָבֽוֹא *he is coming* | yiqtol · qal | אֲחִימַעַץ *of Ahimaaz* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר סַכְוָאָה אֲנָא חֲזֵי יַת רִיהֲטָא דְקַדְמָאָה כְּרִיהֲטָא דַאֲחִימַעַץ בַּר צָדוֹק וַאֲמַר מַלְכָּא גְבַר טַב דֵין וְאַף בְּסוֹרָא טָבָא יַיְתֵי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the watchman said: 'I think the running of the foremost is like the running of Ahimaaz the son of Zadok.' And the king said: 'He is a good man, and cometh with good tidings.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.540/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:482`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 18:26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.26/) - next →: [2 Samuel 18:28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.28/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/18/)