--- title: 2 Samuel 18:3 — But the people said: 'Thou shalt not go forth; for if we flee away,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: But the people said: 'Thou shalt not go forth; for if we flee away, they will not care for us; neither if half of us die, will they care for us; but thou art worth ten thousand of us: therefore now it is better that thou be ready to succour us out of the city.' Who acts: people, Thou, we, half. 2 Sa --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/18/) / 18:3 # 2 Samuel 18:3 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** people, Thou, we, half · **What happens:** say, not go, flee away, not care, die, care · **To what, where:** us, city · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 18:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people, Thou, we, half — and what happens in the verse to us, city, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הָעָ֜ם לֹ֣א תֵצֵ֗א כִּי֩ אִם־נֹ֨ס נָנ֜וּס לֹא־יָשִׂ֧ימוּ אֵלֵ֣ינוּ לֵ֗ב וְאִם־יָמֻ֤תוּ חֶצְיֵ֙נוּ֙ לֹֽא־יָשִׂ֤ימוּ אֵלֵ֙ינוּ֙ לֵ֔ב כִּֽי־עַתָּ֥ה כָמֹ֖נוּ עֲשָׂרָ֣ה אֲלָפִ֑ים וְעַתָּ֣ה ט֔וֹב כִּי־תִֽהְיֶה־לָּ֥נוּ מֵעִ֖יר לַעְזֽוֹר׃ס [But the people said: 'Thou shalt not go forth; for if we flee away, they will not care for us; neither if half of us die, will they care for us; but thou art worth ten thousand of us: therefore now it is better that thou be ready to succour us out of the city.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.514/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:458 # text = וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הָעָ֜ם לֹ֣א תֵצֵ֗א כִּי֩ אִם־נֹ֨ס נָנ֜וּס לֹא־יָשִׂ֧ימוּ אֵלֵ֣ינוּ לֵ֗ב וְאִם־יָמֻ֤תוּ חֶצְיֵ֙נוּ֙ לֹֽא־יָשִׂ֤ימוּ אֵלֵ֙ינוּ֙ לֵ֔ב כִּֽי־עַתָּ֥ה כָמֹ֖נוּ עֲשָׂרָ֣ה אֲלָפִ֑ים וְעַתָּ֣ה ט֔וֹב כִּי־תִֽהְיֶה־לָּ֥נוּ מֵעִ֖יר לַעְזֽוֹר׃ס # verse = 2SA.18.3 1-2 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:3!1|MId=o100180030011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֨אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.said|Ref=2SA_18:3!1|MId=o100180030012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100180030022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הָעָ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_18:3!2|MId=o100180030021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 עָ֜ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=people|Ref=2SA_18:3!2|MId=o100180030022|Strong=5971 5 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 6 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=2SA_18:3!3|MId=o100180030031|Strong=3808|Type=negative 6 תֵצֵ֗א יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=you.must.go.out|Ref=2SA_18:3!4|MId=o100180030041|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:100180020212;|Type=yiqtol 7 כִּי֩ כִּי SCONJ _ ExtPos=SCONJ 12 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=2SA_18:3!5|MId=o100180030051|Strong=3588 8 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 7 fixed _ Gloss=if|Ref=2SA_18:3!6|MId=o100180030061|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 9 נֹ֨ס נוּס VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 10 obl:npmod _ Gloss=actually.(flee)|Ref=2SA_18:3!7|MId=o100180030071|Strong=5127|Type=infinitive_absolute 10 נָנ֜וּס נוּס VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 12 advcl _ Gloss=we.will.flee|Ref=2SA_18:3!8|MId=o100180030081|Strong=5127|Frame=A0:100180030022;|Type=yiqtol 11 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 12 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=2SA_18:3!9|MId=o100180030091|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 12 יָשִׂ֧ימוּ שׂים VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 6 advcl _ Gloss=they.will.set|Ref=2SA_18:3!10|MId=o100180030101|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:100170260032;100170260021;A1:100180030121;|Type=yiqtol 13-14 אֵלֵ֣ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 אֵלֵ֣י אֶל ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_18:3!11|MId=o100180030111|Strong=0413 14 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 12 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=2SA_18:3!11|MId=o100180030112|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 15 לֵ֗ב לֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obj _ Gloss=heart|Ref=2SA_18:3!12|MId=o100180030121|Strong=3820 16-17 וְאִם־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:3!13|MId=o100180030131|Strong=2050b 17 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 18 mark _ Gloss=if|Ref=2SA_18:3!13|MId=o100180030132|Strong=0518 18 יָמֻ֤תוּ מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 22 advcl _ Gloss=they.will.die|Ref=2SA_18:3!14|MId=o100180030141|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:100180030151;|Type=yiqtol 19-20 חֶצְיֵ֙נוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 חֶצְי חֲצִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ Gloss=of.us|Ref=2SA_18:3!15|MId=o100180030151|Strong=2677 20 ֵ֙נוּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=half|Ref=2SA_18:3!15|MId=o100180030152|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 21 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 22 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=2SA_18:3!16|MId=o100180030161|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 22 יָשִׂ֤ימוּ שׂים VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=they.will.set|Ref=2SA_18:3!17|MId=o100180030171|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:100170260032;100170260021;A1:100180030191;|Type=yiqtol 23-24 אֵלֵ֙ינוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 אֵלֵ֙י אֶל ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_18:3!18|MId=o100180030181|Strong=0413 24 נוּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 22 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=2SA_18:3!18|MId=o100180030182|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 25 לֵ֔ב לֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obj _ Gloss=heart|Ref=2SA_18:3!19|MId=o100180030191|Strong=3820 26 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 29 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=2SA_18:3!20|MId=o100180030201|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 27 עַתָּ֥ה עַתָּה ADV _ _ 29 advmod _ Gloss=now|Ref=2SA_18:3!21|MId=o100180030211|Strong=6258 28-29 כָמֹ֖נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 כָמֹ֖ כְּמוֹ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=2SA_18:3!22|MId=o100180030221|Strong=3644 29 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 6 advcl _ Gloss=us|Ref=2SA_18:3!22|MId=o100180030222|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 30 עֲשָׂרָ֣ה עֲשָׂרָה NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ Gloss=ten|Ref=2SA_18:3!23|MId=o100180030231|Strong=6235|Type=cardinal_number 31 אֲלָפִ֑ים אֶלֶף NUM _ Number=Plur 30 flat _ Gloss=thousand(s)|Ref=2SA_18:3!24|MId=o100180030241|Strong=0505|Type=cardinal_number 32-33 וְעַתָּ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:3!25|MId=o100180030251|Strong=2050b 33 עַתָּ֣ה עַתָּה ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=2SA_18:3!25|MId=o100180030252|Strong=6258 34 ט֔וֹב טוֹב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 parataxis _ Gloss=[is].good|Ref=2SA_18:3!26|MId=o100180030261|Strong=2896|Type=adjective 35 כִּי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 42 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=2SA_18:3!27|MId=o100180030271|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 36 תִֽהְיֶה־ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 42 cop _ Gloss=you.will.be|Ref=2SA_18:3!28|MId=o100180030281|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:100180020212;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 37-38 לָּ֥נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 לּ לְ ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=2SA_18:3!29|MId=o100180030291|Strong=3807a 38 ָ֥נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 42 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=2SA_18:3!29|MId=o100180030292|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 39-40 מֵעִ֖יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=from.[the]|Ref=2SA_18:3!30|MId=o100180030301|Strong=4480 40 עִ֖יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 42 obl _ Gloss=city|Ref=2SA_18:3!30|MId=o100180030302|Strong=5892 41-42 לַעְזֽוֹר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 42 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_18:3!32|MId=o100180030321|Strong=3807a 42 עְזֽוֹר עָזַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 34 nsubj _ Gloss=help|Ref=2SA_18:3!32|MId=o100180030322|Strong=5826|Frame=A0:100180020212;|Type=infinitive_construct 43 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 42 punct _ Ref=2SA_18:3!32|SpaceAfter=No 44 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 42 punct _ Ref=2SA_18:3!32 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - indirect: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *it said* | wayyiqtol · qal | עָם *people* | | | | | **not** תֵצֵא *you must go out* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | נָנוּס *we will flee* | yiqtol · qal | עָם *people* | | | | | **not** יָשִׂימוּ *they will set* | yiqtol · qal | | לֵב *heart* | | | | יָמֻתוּ *they will die* | yiqtol · qal | חֶצְי *of us* | | | | | **not** יָשִׂימוּ *they will set* | yiqtol · qal | | לֵב *heart* | | | | תִֽהְיֶה־ *you will be* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | עְזֽוֹר *help* | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר עַמָא לָא תִפּוֹק אֲרֵי אִם מֶעֱרֹק נַעֲרוֹק לָא יְשַׁווּן עֲלָנָא לִבָּא וְאִם יִתְקַטְלוּן פַּלְגָנָא לָא יְשַׁווּן עֲלָנָא לִבָּא אֲרֵי כְעַן אַתְּ יָכִיל לְמִסְעַד כְּוָתָנָא עַסְרָא אַלְפִין וּכְעַן טַב אֲרֵי תְצַלֵי עֲלָנָא מִקַרְתָּא לְמִסְעַד: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But the people said: 'Thou shalt not go forth; for if we flee away, they will not care for us; neither if half of us die, will they care for us; but thou art worth ten thousand of us: therefore now it is better that thou be ready to succour us out of the city.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.514/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:458`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 18:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.2/) - next →: [2 Samuel 18:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.4/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/18/)