--- title: 2 Samuel 18:5 — And the king commanded Joab and Abishai and Ittai, saying: 'Deal gen… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the king commanded Joab and Abishai and Ittai, saying: 'Deal gently for my sake with the young man, even with Absalom.' And all the people heard when the king gave all the captains charge concerning Absalom. Who acts: king, people. 2 Samuel 18:5 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonatha --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/18/) / 18:5 # 2 Samuel 18:5 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** king, people · **What happens:** command, say, deal, hear, give · **To what, where:** Joab, captains charge · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 18:5 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — king, people — and what happens in the verse to Joab, captains charge, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְצַ֣ו הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ אֶת־י֠וֹאָב וְאֶת־אֲבִישַׁ֤י וְאֶת־אִתַּי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לְאַט־לִ֖י לַנַּ֣עַר לְאַבְשָׁל֑וֹם וְכָל־הָעָ֣ם שָׁמְע֗וּ בְּצַוֺּ֥ת הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ אֶת־כָּל־הַשָּׂרִ֖ים עַל־דְּבַ֥ר אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ [And the king commanded Joab and Abishai and Ittai, saying: 'Deal gently for my sake with the young man, even with Absalom.' And all the people heard when the king gave all the captains charge concerning Absalom.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.516/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:460 # text = וַיְצַ֣ו הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ אֶת־י֠וֹאָב וְאֶת־אֲבִישַׁ֤י וְאֶת־אִתַּי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לְאַט־לִ֖י לַנַּ֣עַר לְאַבְשָׁל֑וֹם וְכָל־הָעָ֣ם שָׁמְע֗וּ בְּצַוֺּ֥ת הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ אֶת־כָּל־הַשָּׂרִ֖ים עַל־דְּבַ֥ר אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ # verse = 2SA.18.5 1-2 וַיְצַ֣ו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:5!1|MId=o100180050011|Strong=2050b 2 יְצַ֣ו צָוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.commanded|Ref=2SA_18:5!1|MId=o100180050012|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:100180050022;A1:100180050041;100180050061;100180050081;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_18:5!2|MId=o100180050021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 מֶּ֡לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=2SA_18:5!2|MId=o100180050022|Strong=4428 5 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_18:5!3|MId=o100180050031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 6 י֠וֹאָב יוֹאָב PROPN _ _ 2 obj _ Gloss=Joab|Ref=2SA_18:5!4|MId=o100180050041|Strong=3097 7-8 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:5!5|MId=o100180050051|Strong=2050b 8 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_18:5!5|MId=o100180050052|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 9 אֲבִישַׁ֤י אֲבִישַׁי PROPN _ _ 6 conj _ Gloss=Abishai|Ref=2SA_18:5!6|MId=o100180050061|Strong=0052 10-11 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:5!7|MId=o100180050071|Strong=2050b 11 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_18:5!7|MId=o100180050072|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 12 אִתַּי֙ אִתַּי PROPN _ _ 6 conj _ Gloss=Ittai|Ref=2SA_18:5!8|MId=o100180050081|Strong=0863 13-14 לֵאמֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 21 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=2SA_18:5!9|MId=o100180050091|Strong=3807a 14 אמֹ֔ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 13 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=2SA_18:5!9|MId=o100180050092|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100180050022;|Type=infinitive_construct 15-16 לְאַט־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_18:5!10|MId=o100180050101|Strong=3807a 16 אַט־ אַט ADV _ _ 21 nsubj _ Gloss=gentleness|Ref=2SA_18:5!10|MId=o100180050102|Strong=0328 17-18 לִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 ל לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=2SA_18:5!11|MId=o100180050111|Strong=3807a 18 ִ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 21 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=2SA_18:5!11|MId=o100180050112|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 19-21 לַנַּ֣עַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_18:5!12|MId=o100180050121|Strong=3807a 20 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the.young|Ref=2SA_18:5!12|MId=o100180050121ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 נַּ֣עַר נַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 ccomp _ Gloss=man|Ref=2SA_18:5!12|MId=o100180050122|Strong=5288 22-23 לְאַבְשָׁל֑וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_18:5!13|MId=o100180050131|Strong=3807a 23 אַבְשָׁל֑וֹם אַבְשָׁלֹום PROPN _ _ 21 nmod _ Gloss=Absalom|Ref=2SA_18:5!13|MId=o100180050132|Strong=0053 24-25 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:5!14|MId=o100180050141|Strong=2050b 25 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=2SA_18:5!14|MId=o100180050142|Strong=3605 26-27 הָעָ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_18:5!15|MId=o100180050151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 עָ֣ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 compound:smixut _ Gloss=people|Ref=2SA_18:5!15|MId=o100180050152|Strong=5971 28 שָׁמְע֗וּ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 21 conj _ Gloss=they.heard|Ref=2SA_18:5!16|MId=o100180050161|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:100180050152;|Type=qatal 29-30 בְּצַוֺּ֥ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=when|Ref=2SA_18:5!17|MId=o100180050171|Strong=0871a 30 צַוֺּ֥ת צָוָה VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 28 advcl _ Gloss=commanded|Ref=2SA_18:5!17|MId=o100180050172|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:100180050182;A1:100180050212;|Type=infinitive_construct 31-32 הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_18:5!18|MId=o100180050181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 מֶּ֛לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=2SA_18:5!18|MId=o100180050182|Strong=4428 33 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_18:5!19|MId=o100180050191|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 34 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=2SA_18:5!20|MId=o100180050201|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 35-36 הַשָּׂרִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 36 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_18:5!21|MId=o100180050211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 36 שָּׂרִ֖ים שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 34 compound:smixut _ Gloss=commanders|Ref=2SA_18:5!21|MId=o100180050212|Strong=8269 37 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2SA_18:5!22|MId=o100180050221|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 38 דְּבַ֥ר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 obl _ Gloss=the.matter|Ref=2SA_18:5!23|MId=o100180050231|Strong=1697 39 אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם אַבְשָׁלֹום PROPN _ _ 38 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Absalom|Ref=2SA_18:5!24|MId=o100180050241|Strong=0053|SpaceAfter=No 40 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=2SA_18:5!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְצַו *he commanded* | wayyiqtol · piel | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | יוֹאָב *Joab* + אֲבִישַׁי *Abishai* + אִתַּי *Ittai* | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | | | שָׁמְעוּ *they heard* | qatal · qal | עָם *people* | | | | | צַוֺּת *commanded* | infinitive construct · piel | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | שָּׂרִים *commanders* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּפַקֵיד מַלְכָּא יַת יוֹאָב וְיַת אֲבִישַׁי וְיַת אִתַּי לְמֵימַר אִסְתַּמָרוּ לִי בְּעוּלֵימָא בְאַבְשָׁלוֹם וְכָל עַמָא שְׁמָעוּ כַּד פַּקֵיד מַלְכָּא יַת כָּל רַבְרְבַיָא עַל עֵיסַק אַבְשָׁלוֹם: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the king commanded Joab and Abishai and Ittai, saying: 'Deal gently for my sake with the young man, even with Absalom.' And all the people heard when the king gave all the captains charge concerning Absalom.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.516/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:460`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 18:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.4/) - next →: [2 Samuel 18:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.6/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/18/)