--- title: 2 Samuel 18:9 — And Absalom chanced to meet the servants of David. And Absalom was r… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Absalom chanced to meet the servants of David. And Absalom was riding upon his mule, and the mule went under the thick boughs of a great terebinth, and his head caught hold of the terebinth, and he was taken up between the heaven and the earth; and the mule that was under him went on. Who acts: --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/18/) / 18:9 # 2 Samuel 18:9 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** Absalom, mule, head · **What happens:** chance, meet, ride, go, catch, take up · **To what, where:** servants, thick boughs, hold, Absalom, terebinth This is 2 Samuel 18:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Absalom, mule, head — and what happens in the verse to servants, thick boughs, hold, Absalom, terebinth, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּקָּרֵא֙ אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם לִפְנֵ֖י עַבְדֵ֣י דָוִ֑ד וְאַבְשָׁל֞וֹם רֹכֵ֣ב עַל־הַפֶּ֗רֶד וַיָּבֹ֣א הַפֶּ֡רֶד תַּ֣חַת שׂוֹבֶךְ֩ הָאֵלָ֨ה הַגְּדוֹלָ֜ה וַיֶּחֱזַ֧ק רֹאשׁ֣וֹ בָאֵלָ֗ה וַיֻּתַּן֙ בֵּ֤ין הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ וּבֵ֣ין הָאָ֔רֶץ וְהַפֶּ֥רֶד אֲשֶׁר־תַּחְתָּ֖יו עָבָֽר׃ [And Absalom chanced to meet the servants of David.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.520/) [And Absalom was riding upon his mule, and the mule went under the thick boughs of a great terebinth, and his head caught hold of the terebinth, and he was taken up between the heaven and the earth; and the mule that was under him went on.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.521/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:464 # text = וַיִּקָּרֵא֙ אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם לִפְנֵ֖י עַבְדֵ֣י דָוִ֑ד וְאַבְשָׁל֞וֹם רֹכֵ֣ב עַל־הַפֶּ֗רֶד וַיָּבֹ֣א הַפֶּ֡רֶד תַּ֣חַת שׂוֹבֶךְ֩ הָאֵלָ֨ה הַגְּדוֹלָ֜ה וַיֶּחֱזַ֧ק רֹאשׁ֣וֹ בָאֵלָ֗ה וַיֻּתַּן֙ בֵּ֤ין הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ וּבֵ֣ין הָאָ֔רֶץ וְהַפֶּ֥רֶד אֲשֶׁר־תַּחְתָּ֖יו עָבָֽר׃ # verse = 2SA.18.9 1-2 וַיִּקָּרֵא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:9!1|MId=o100180090011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּקָּרֵא֙ קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.was.met|Ref=2SA_18:9!1|MId=o100180090012|Strong=7122|Frame=A0:100180090021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם אַבְשָׁלֹום PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Absalom|Ref=2SA_18:9!2|MId=o100180090021|Strong=0053 4-5 לִפְנֵ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=2SA_18:9!3|MId=o100180090031|Strong=3807a 5 פְנֵ֖י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=2SA_18:9!3|MId=o100180090032|Strong=6440 6 עַבְדֵ֣י עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.servants|Ref=2SA_18:9!4|MId=o100180090041|Strong=5650 7 דָוִ֑ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.David|Ref=2SA_18:9!5|MId=o100180090051|Strong=1732 8-9 וְאַבְשָׁל֞וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:9!6|MId=o100180090061|Strong=2050b 9 אַבְשָׁל֞וֹם אַבְשָׁלֹום PROPN _ _ 10 nsubj _ Gloss=Absalom|Ref=2SA_18:9!6|MId=o100180090062|Strong=0053 10 רֹכֵ֣ב רָכַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=[was].riding|Ref=2SA_18:9!7|MId=o100180090071|Strong=7392|Frame=A0:100180090062;|Type=participle_active 11 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2SA_18:9!8|MId=o100180090081|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 12-13 הַפֶּ֗רֶד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_18:9!9|MId=o100180090091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 פֶּ֗רֶד פֶּרֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=mule|Ref=2SA_18:9!9|MId=o100180090092|Strong=6505 14-15 וַיָּבֹ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:9!10|MId=o100180090101|Strong=2050b 15 יָּבֹ֣א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.went|Ref=2SA_18:9!10|MId=o100180090102|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:100180090112;|Type=wayyiqtol 16-17 הַפֶּ֡רֶד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_18:9!11|MId=o100180090111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 פֶּ֡רֶד פֶּרֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ Gloss=mule|Ref=2SA_18:9!11|MId=o100180090112|Strong=6505 18 תַּ֣חַת תַּחַת NOUN _ _ 15 obl _ Gloss=under|Ref=2SA_18:9!12|MId=o100180090121|Strong=8478 19 שׂוֹבֶךְ֩ שׂוֹבֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.branche[s]|Ref=2SA_18:9!13|MId=o100180090131|Strong=7730 20-21 הָאֵלָ֨ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=2SA_18:9!14|MId=o100180090141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 אֵלָ֨ה אֵלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.terebinth|Ref=2SA_18:9!14|MId=o100180090142|Strong=0424 22-23 הַגְּדוֹלָ֜ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2SA_18:9!15|MId=o100180090151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 גְּדוֹלָ֜ה גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 21 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=2SA_18:9!15|MId=o100180090152|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 24-25 וַיֶּחֱזַ֧ק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:9!16|MId=o100180090161|Strong=2050b 25 יֶּחֱזַ֧ק חָזַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.was.firm|Ref=2SA_18:9!16|MId=o100180090162|Strong=2388|Frame=A0:100180090171;|Type=wayyiqtol 26-27 רֹאשׁ֣וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 רֹאשׁ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ Gloss=head|Ref=2SA_18:9!17|MId=o100180090171|Strong=7218 27 ֣וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_18:9!17|MId=o100180090172|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 28-30 בָאֵלָ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 בָ בְּ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_18:9!18|MId=o100180090181|Strong=0871a 29 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_18:9!18|MId=o100180090181ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 אֵלָ֗ה אֵלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 25 obl _ Gloss=terebinth|Ref=2SA_18:9!18|MId=o100180090182|Strong=0424 31-32 וַיֻּתַּן֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:9!19|MId=o100180090191|Strong=2050b 32 יֻּתַּן֙ נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HOPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.was.put|Ref=2SA_18:9!19|MId=o100180090192|Strong=5414|Frame=A1:100180090062;|Type=wayyiqtol 33 בֵּ֤ין בֵּין ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=between|Ref=2SA_18:9!20|MId=o100180090201|Strong=0996 34-35 הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_18:9!21|MId=o100180090211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 שָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 32 obl _ Gloss=heavens|Ref=2SA_18:9!21|MId=o100180090212|Strong=8064 36-37 וּבֵ֣ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 39 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:9!22|MId=o100180090221|Strong=2050b 37 בֵ֣ין בֵּין ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=between|Ref=2SA_18:9!22|MId=o100180090222|Strong=0996 38-39 הָאָ֔רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 39 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_18:9!23|MId=o100180090231|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 39 אָ֔רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 35 conj _ Gloss=earth|Ref=2SA_18:9!23|MId=o100180090232|Strong=0776 40-42 וְהַפֶּ֥רֶד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 46 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_18:9!24|MId=o100180090241|Strong=2050b 41 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 42 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_18:9!24|MId=o100180090242|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 42 פֶּ֥רֶד פֶּרֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 46 nsubj _ Gloss=mule|Ref=2SA_18:9!24|MId=o100180090243|Strong=6505 43 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 44 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=2SA_18:9!25|MId=o100180090251|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 44-45 תַּחְתָּ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 תַּחְתָּ֖י תַּחַת NOUN _ _ 42 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[was].under|Ref=2SA_18:9!26|MId=o100180090261|Strong=8478 45 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 44 nmod:poss _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_18:9!26|MId=o100180090262|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 46 עָבָֽר עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.passed.on|Ref=2SA_18:9!27|MId=o100180090271|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:100180090243;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 47 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 46 punct _ Ref=2SA_18:9!27 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּקָּרֵא *he was met* | wayyiqtol · niphal | אַבְשָׁלוֹם *Absalom* | | | | | רֹכֵב *\[was\] riding* | participle active · qal | אַבְשָׁלוֹם *Absalom* | | | | | יָּבֹא *it went* | wayyiqtol · qal | פֶּרֶד *mule* | | | | | יֶּחֱזַק *it was firm* | wayyiqtol · qal | רֹאשׁ *head* | | | | | יֻּתַּן *he was put* | wayyiqtol · hophal | | אַבְשָׁלוֹם *Absalom* | | | | עָבָֽר *it passed on* | qatal · qal | פֶּרֶד *mule* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאִתְעֲרַע אַבְשָׁלוֹם קֳדָם עַבְדֵי דָוִד וְאַבְשָׁלוֹם רָכִיב עַל כּוּדַנְתָּא וְעָלַת כּוּדַנְתָּא תְּחוֹת סוֹכָא דְבוּטְמָא רַבָּא וְאִתְאֲחַד רֵישֵׁיהּ בְּבוּטְמָא וְאִתְּלֵי בֵּין שְׁמַיָא וּבֵין אַרְעָא וְכוּדַנְתָּא דִי תְּחוֹתוֹהִי עֲבָרַת: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Absalom chanced to meet the servants of David.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.520/) 2. [And Absalom was riding upon his mule, and the mule went under the thick boughs of a great terebinth, and his head caught hold of the terebinth, and he was taken up between the heaven and the earth; and the mule that was under him went on.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.521/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:464`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 18:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.8/) - next →: [2 Samuel 18:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.18.10/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/18/)