--- title: 2 Samuel 19:10 — And all the people were at strife throughout all the tribes of Israe… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And all the people were at strife throughout all the tribes of Israel, saying: 'The king delivered us out of the hand of our enemies, and he saved us out of the hand of the Philistines; and now he is fled out of the land from Absalom. Who acts: people, king. 2 Samuel 19:10 in Hebrew with its depende --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.19.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/19/) / 19:10 # 2 Samuel 19:10 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** people, king · **What happens:** be, say, deliver, save, flee · **To what, where:** strife, us, hand, king, land · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 19:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people, king — and what happens in the verse to strife, us, hand, king, land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִ֤י כָל־הָעָם֙ נָד֔וֹן בְּכָל־שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ הִצִּילָ֣נוּ ׀ מִכַּ֣ף אֹיְבֵ֗ינוּ וְה֤וּא מִלְּטָ֙נוּ֙ מִכַּ֣ף פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וְעַתָּ֛ה בָּרַ֥ח מִן־הָאָ֖רֶץ מֵעַ֥ל אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ [And all the people were at strife throughout all the tribes of Israel, saying: 'The king delivered us out of the hand of our enemies, and he saved us out of the hand of the Philistines; and now he is fled out of the land from Absalom.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.558/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:497 # text = וַיְהִ֤י כָל־הָעָם֙ נָד֔וֹן בְּכָל־שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ הִצִּילָ֣נוּ ׀ מִכַּ֣ף אֹיְבֵ֗ינוּ וְה֤וּא מִלְּטָ֙נוּ֙ מִכַּ֣ף פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וְעַתָּ֛ה בָּרַ֥ח מִן־הָאָ֖רֶץ מֵעַ֥ל אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ # verse = 2SA.19.10 1-2 וַיְהִ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_19:10!1|MId=o100190100011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֤י הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 cop _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=2SA_19:10!1|MId=o100190100012|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:100190100032;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=2SA_19:10!2|MId=o100190100021|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 4-5 הָעָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_19:10!3|MId=o100190100031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 עָם֙ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=people|Ref=2SA_19:10!3|MId=o100190100032|Strong=5971 6 נָד֔וֹן דִּין VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=quarrelling|Ref=2SA_19:10!4|MId=o100190100041|Strong=1777|Frame=A0:100190100032;|Type=participle_active 7-8 בְּכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_19:10!5|MId=o100190100051|Strong=0871a 8 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=2SA_19:10!5|MId=o100190100052|Strong=3605 9 שִׁבְטֵ֥י שֵׁבֶט NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.tribes|Ref=2SA_19:10!6|MId=o100190100061|Strong=7626 10 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=2SA_19:10!7|MId=o100190100071|Strong=3478 11-12 לֵאמֹ֑ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 15 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=2SA_19:10!8|MId=o100190100081|Strong=3807a 12 אמֹ֑ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 11 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=2SA_19:10!8|MId=o100190100082|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100190100032;|Type=infinitive_construct 13-14 הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_19:10!9|MId=o100190100091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 מֶּ֜לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=2SA_19:10!9|MId=o100190100092|Strong=4428 15-16 הִצִּילָ֣נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הִצִּיל נָצַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 advcl _ Gloss=he|Ref=2SA_19:10!10|MId=o100190100101|Strong=5337|Frame=AA:100190100092;A0:100190100102;|Type=qatal 16 ָ֣נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 15 obj _ Gloss=delivered.us|Ref=2SA_19:10!10|MId=o100190100102|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 17 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 16 punct _ Ref=2SA_19:10!10 18-19 מִכַּ֣ף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2SA_19:10!11|MId=o100190100111|Strong=4480 19 כַּ֣ף כַּף NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=the.palm|Ref=2SA_19:10!11|MId=o100190100112|Strong=3709 20-21 אֹיְבֵ֗ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 אֹיְבֵ֗י אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=our.enemies|Ref=2SA_19:10!12|MId=o100190100121|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 21 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=2SA_19:10!12|MId=o100190100122|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 22-23 וְה֤וּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_19:10!13|MId=o100190100131|Strong=2050b 23 ה֤וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=2SA_19:10!13|MId=o100190100132|Strong=1931|Type=personal 24-25 מִלְּטָ֙נוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 מִלְּט מָלַט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=2SA_19:10!14|MId=o100190100141|Strong=4422|Frame=A0:100190100132;A1:100190100142;|Type=qatal 25 ָ֙נוּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 24 obj _ Gloss=rescued.us|Ref=2SA_19:10!14|MId=o100190100142|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 26-27 מִכַּ֣ף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2SA_19:10!15|MId=o100190100151|Strong=4480 27 כַּ֣ף כַּף NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 24 obl _ Gloss=the.palm|Ref=2SA_19:10!15|MId=o100190100152|Strong=3709 28 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 27 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].Philistines|Ref=2SA_19:10!16|MId=o100190100161|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 29-30 וְעַתָּ֛ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_19:10!17|MId=o100190100171|Strong=2050b 30 עַתָּ֛ה עַתָּה ADV _ _ 6 advmod _ Gloss=now|Ref=2SA_19:10!17|MId=o100190100172|Strong=6258 31 בָּרַ֥ח בָּרַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 parataxis _ Gloss=he.has.fled|Ref=2SA_19:10!18|MId=o100190100181|Strong=1272|Frame=A0:100190100092;|Type=qatal 32 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2SA_19:10!19|MId=o100190100191|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 33-34 הָאָ֖רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_19:10!20|MId=o100190100201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 אָ֖רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 31 obl _ Gloss=land|Ref=2SA_19:10!20|MId=o100190100202|Strong=0776 35-36 מֵעַ֥ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2SA_19:10!21|MId=o100190100211|Strong=4480 36 עַ֥ל עַל ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=2SA_19:10!21|MId=o100190100212|Strong=5921 37 אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם אַבְשָׁלֹום PROPN _ _ 31 obl _ Gloss=Absalom|Ref=2SA_19:10!22|MId=o100190100221|Strong=0053|SpaceAfter=No 38 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 37 punct _ Ref=2SA_19:10!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְהִי *it was* | wayyiqtol · qal | עָם *people* | | | | | נָדוֹן *quarrelling* | participle active · niphal | עָם *people* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | עָם *people* | | | | | הִצִּיל *he* | qatal · hiphil | ָנוּ *delivered us* | | | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | מִלְּט *he* | qatal · piel | הוּא *he* | ָנוּ *rescued us* | | | | בָּרַח *he has fled* | qatal · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲווֹ כָל עַמָא מִתְוַכְּחִין בְּכָל שִׁבְטַיָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל לְמֵימַר מַלְכָּא שֵׁיזְבָנָא מִיַד בְּעֵיל דְבָבָנָא וְהוּא פָרְקָנָא מִידָא דִפְלִשְׁתָּאֵי וּכְעַן עֲרַק מִן אַרְעָא מִלְוַת אַבְשָׁלוֹם: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And all the people were at strife throughout all the tribes of Israel, saying: 'The king delivered us out of the hand of our enemies, and he saved us out of the hand of the Philistines; and now he is fled out of the land from Absalom.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.558/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:497`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 19:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.19.9/) - next →: [2 Samuel 19:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.19.11/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/19/)