--- title: 2 Samuel 19:12 — And king David sent to Zadok and to Abiathar the priests, saying: 'S… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And king David sent to Zadok and to Abiathar the priests, saying: 'Speak unto the elders of Judah, saying: Why are ye the last to bring the king back to his house? — For the speech of all Israel was come to the king, to bring him to his house. — Who acts: king David, ye. 2 Samuel 19:12 in Hebrew wit --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.19.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/19/) / 19:12 # 2 Samuel 19:12 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** king David, ye · **What happens:** send, say, speak, be, bring back, come · **To what, where:** Zadok, king, house, speech, Israel · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 19:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — king David, ye — and what happens in the verse to Zadok, king, house, speech, Israel, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֗ד שָׁ֠לַח אֶל־צָד֨וֹק וְאֶל־אֶבְיָתָ֥ר הַכֹּהֲנִים֮ לֵאמֹר֒ דַּבְּר֞וּ אֶל־זִקְנֵ֤י יְהוּדָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לָ֤מָּה תִֽהְיוּ֙ אַֽחֲרֹנִ֔ים לְהָשִׁ֥יב אֶת־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֶל־בֵּית֑וֹ וּדְבַר֙ כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בָּ֥א אֶל־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֶל־בֵּיתֽוֹ׃ [And king David sent to Zadok and to Abiathar the priests, saying: 'Speak unto the elders of Judah, saying: Why are ye the last to bring the king back to his house? — For the speech of all Israel was come to the king, to bring him to his house. —](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.561/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:499 # text = וְהַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֗ד שָׁ֠לַח אֶל־צָד֨וֹק וְאֶל־אֶבְיָתָ֥ר הַכֹּהֲנִים֮ לֵאמֹר֒ דַּבְּר֞וּ אֶל־זִקְנֵ֤י יְהוּדָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לָ֤מָּה תִֽהְיוּ֙ אַֽחֲרֹנִ֔ים לְהָשִׁ֥יב אֶת־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֶל־בֵּית֑וֹ וּדְבַר֙ כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בָּ֥א אֶל־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֶל־בֵּיתֽוֹ׃ # verse = 2SA.19.12 1-3 וְהַמֶּ֣לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_19:12!1|MId=o100190120011|Strong=2050b 2 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_19:12!1|MId=o100190120012|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 מֶּ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=2SA_19:12!1|MId=o100190120013|Strong=4428 4 דָּוִ֗ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 3 appos _ Gloss=David|Ref=2SA_19:12!2|MId=o100190120021|Strong=1732 5 שָׁ֠לַח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.sent|Ref=2SA_19:12!3|MId=o100190120031|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:100190120013;|Type=qatal 6 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_19:12!4|MId=o100190120041|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 7 צָד֨וֹק צָדוֹק PROPN _ _ 5 obl _ Gloss=Zadok|Ref=2SA_19:12!5|MId=o100190120051|Strong=6659 8-9 וְאֶל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_19:12!6|MId=o100190120061|Strong=2050b 9 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_19:12!6|MId=o100190120062|Strong=0413 10 אֶבְיָתָ֥ר אֶבְיָתָר PROPN _ _ 7 conj _ Gloss=Abiathar|Ref=2SA_19:12!7|MId=o100190120071|Strong=0054 11-12 הַכֹּהֲנִים֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_19:12!8|MId=o100190120081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 כֹּהֲנִים֮ כֹּהֵן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 nmod _ Gloss=priests|Ref=2SA_19:12!8|MId=o100190120082|Strong=3548 13-14 לֵאמֹר֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 15 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=2SA_19:12!9|MId=o100190120091|Strong=3807a 14 אמֹר֒ אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 13 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=2SA_19:12!9|MId=o100190120092|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100190120013;|Type=infinitive_construct 15 דַּבְּר֞וּ דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=2 5 advcl _ Gloss=speak|Ref=2SA_19:12!10|MId=o100190120101|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:100190120051;100190120071;|Type=imperative 16 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_19:12!11|MId=o100190120111|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 17 זִקְנֵ֤י זָקֵן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 obl _ Gloss=the.elders|Ref=2SA_19:12!12|MId=o100190120121|Strong=2205|Type=adjective 18 יְהוּדָה֙ יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=2SA_19:12!13|MId=o100190120131|Strong=3063 19-20 לֵאמֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 24 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=2SA_19:12!14|MId=o100190120141|Strong=3807a 20 אמֹ֔ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 19 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=2SA_19:12!14|MId=o100190120142|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100190120051;100190120071;|Type=infinitive_construct 21-22 לָ֤מָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 לָ֤ לָמָה ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=|Ref=2SA_19:12!15|MId=o100190120151|Strong=3807a 22 מָּה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 24 obl _ Gloss=why?|Ref=2SA_19:12!15|MId=o100190120152|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 23 תִֽהְיוּ֙ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 24 cop _ Gloss=will.you.be|Ref=2SA_19:12!16|MId=o100190120161|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:100190120121;|Type=yiqtol 24 אַֽחֲרֹנִ֔ים אַחֲרוֹן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 ccomp _ Gloss=[the].last.[people]|Ref=2SA_19:12!17|MId=o100190120171|Strong=0314|Type=adjective 25-26 לְהָשִׁ֥יב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_19:12!18|MId=o100190120181|Strong=3807a 26 הָשִׁ֥יב שׁוּב VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 24 advcl _ Gloss=bring.back|Ref=2SA_19:12!18|MId=o100190120182|Strong=7725|Frame=AA:100190120121;A0:100190120202;|Type=infinitive_construct 27 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_19:12!19|MId=o100190120191|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 28-29 הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_19:12!20|MId=o100190120201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 מֶּ֖לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 obj _ Gloss=king|Ref=2SA_19:12!20|MId=o100190120202|Strong=4428 30 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_19:12!21|MId=o100190120211|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 31-32 בֵּית֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 בֵּית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 obl _ Gloss=house|Ref=2SA_19:12!22|MId=o100190120221|Strong=1004 32 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_19:12!22|MId=o100190120222|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 33-34 וּדְבַר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 37 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_19:12!23|MId=o100190120231|Strong=2050b 34 דְבַר֙ דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 37 nsubj _ Gloss=the.word|Ref=2SA_19:12!23|MId=o100190120232|Strong=1697 35 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.all|Ref=2SA_19:12!24|MId=o100190120241|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 36 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 35 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=2SA_19:12!25|MId=o100190120251|Strong=3478 37 בָּ֥א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 24 conj _ Gloss=it.has.come|Ref=2SA_19:12!26|MId=o100190120261|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:100190120232;|Type=qatal 38 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_19:12!27|MId=o100190120271|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 39-40 הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 40 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_19:12!28|MId=o100190120281|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 40 מֶּ֖לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 37 obl _ Gloss=king|Ref=2SA_19:12!28|MId=o100190120282|Strong=4428 41 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 42 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_19:12!29|MId=o100190120291|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 42-43 בֵּיתֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 בֵּית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 37 obl _ Gloss=house|Ref=2SA_19:12!30|MId=o100190120301|Strong=1004 43 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 42 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_19:12!30|MId=o100190120302|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 44 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 43 punct _ Ref=2SA_19:12!30 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שָׁלַח *he sent* | qatal · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | | | דַּבְּרוּ *speak* | imperative · piel | צָדוֹק *Zadok* + אֶבְיָתָר *Abiathar* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | צָדוֹק *Zadok* + אֶבְיָתָר *Abiathar* | | | | | תִֽהְיוּ *will you be* | yiqtol · qal | זִקְנֵי *the elders* | | | | | הָשִׁיב *bring back* | infinitive construct · hiphil | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | זִקְנֵי *the elders* | | בָּא *it has come* | qatal · qal | דְבַר *the word* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּמַלְכָּא דָוִד שְׁלַח לְצָדוֹק וּלְאֶבְיָתָר כַּהֲנַיָא לְמֵימַר מַלִילוּ לְסָבֵי יְהוּדָה לְמֵימַר לְמָא תְהוֹן בַּתְרָאִין לַאֲתָבָא יַת מַלְכָּא לְבֵיתֵיהּ וּפִתְגַם כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲתָא לְוַת מַלְכָּא לְבֵיתֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And king David sent to Zadok and to Abiathar the priests, saying: 'Speak unto the elders of Judah, saying: Why are ye the last to bring the king back to his house? — For the speech of all Israel was come to the king, to bring him to his house. —](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.561/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:499`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 19:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.19.11/) - next →: [2 Samuel 19:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.19.13/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/19/)