--- title: 2 Samuel 19:3 — And the victory that day was turned into mourning unto all the peopl… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the victory that day was turned into mourning unto all the people; for the people heard say that day: 'The king grieveth for his son.' Who acts: people, king. 2 Samuel 19:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.19.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/19/) / 19:3 # 2 Samuel 19:3 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** people, king · **What happens:** turn, hear, say, grieve · **To what, where:** victory, mourning · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 19:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people, king — and what happens in the verse to victory, mourning, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַתְּהִ֨י הַתְּשֻׁעָ֜ה בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֛וּא לְאֵ֖בֶל לְכָל־הָעָ֑ם כִּֽי־שָׁמַ֣ע הָעָ֗ם בַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר נֶעֱצַ֥ב הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ עַל־בְּנֽוֹ׃ [And the victory that day was turned into mourning unto all the people; for the people heard say that day: 'The king grieveth for his son.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.548/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:490 # text = וַתְּהִ֨י הַתְּשֻׁעָ֜ה בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֛וּא לְאֵ֖בֶל לְכָל־הָעָ֑ם כִּֽי־שָׁמַ֣ע הָעָ֗ם בַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר נֶעֱצַ֥ב הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ עַל־בְּנֽוֹ׃ # verse = 2SA.19.3 1-2 וַתְּהִ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_19:3!1|MId=o100190030011|Strong=2050b 2 תְּהִ֨י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.became|Ref=2SA_19:3!1|MId=o100190030012|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:100190030022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הַתְּשֻׁעָ֜ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_19:3!2|MId=o100190030021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 תְּשֻׁעָ֜ה תְּשׁוּעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=deliverance|Ref=2SA_19:3!2|MId=o100190030022|Strong=8668 5-7 בַּיּ֥וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2SA_19:3!3|MId=o100190030031|Strong=0871a 6 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_19:3!3|MId=o100190030031ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 יּ֥וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=2SA_19:3!3|MId=o100190030032|Strong=3117 8-9 הַה֛וּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2SA_19:3!4|MId=o100190030041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 ה֛וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 det _ Gloss=that|Ref=2SA_19:3!4|MId=o100190030042|Strong=1931|Type=personal 10-11 לְאֵ֖בֶל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=(into)|Ref=2SA_19:3!5|MId=o100190030051|Strong=3807a 11 אֵ֖בֶל אֵבֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=mourning|Ref=2SA_19:3!5|MId=o100190030052|Strong=0060 12-13 לְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=2SA_19:3!6|MId=o100190030061|Strong=3807a 13 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=2SA_19:3!6|MId=o100190030062|Strong=3605 14-15 הָעָ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_19:3!7|MId=o100190030071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 עָ֑ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=people|Ref=2SA_19:3!7|MId=o100190030072|Strong=5971 16 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 17 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=2SA_19:3!8|MId=o100190030081|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 17 שָׁמַ֣ע שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=it.heard|Ref=2SA_19:3!9|MId=o100190030091|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:100190030102;|Type=qatal 18-19 הָעָ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_19:3!10|MId=o100190030101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 עָ֗ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ Gloss=people|Ref=2SA_19:3!10|MId=o100190030102|Strong=5971 20-22 בַּיּ֤וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2SA_19:3!11|MId=o100190030111|Strong=0871a 21 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_19:3!11|MId=o100190030111ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 יּ֤וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=2SA_19:3!11|MId=o100190030112|Strong=3117 23-24 הַהוּא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2SA_19:3!12|MId=o100190030121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 הוּא֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 det _ Gloss=that|Ref=2SA_19:3!12|MId=o100190030122|Strong=1931|Type=personal 25-26 לֵאמֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 27 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=2SA_19:3!13|MId=o100190030131|Strong=3807a 26 אמֹ֔ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 25 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=2SA_19:3!13|MId=o100190030132|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100190030102;|Type=infinitive_construct 27 נֶעֱצַ֥ב עָצַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 17 advcl _ Gloss=he.is.grieved|Ref=2SA_19:3!14|MId=o100190030141|Strong=6087a|Frame=A0:100190030152;|Type=qatal 28-29 הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_19:3!15|MId=o100190030151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 מֶּ֖לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=2SA_19:3!15|MId=o100190030152|Strong=4428 30 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2SA_19:3!16|MId=o100190030161|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 31-32 בְּנֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 בְּנ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 obl _ Gloss=son|Ref=2SA_19:3!17|MId=o100190030171|Strong=1121 32 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_19:3!17|MId=o100190030172|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=2SA_19:3!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תְּהִי *it became* | wayyiqtol · qal | תְּשֻׁעָה *deliverance* | | | | | שָׁמַע *it heard* | qatal · qal | עָם *people* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | עָם *people* | | | | | נֶעֱצַב *he is grieved* | qatal · niphal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוַת תְּשׁוּעֲתָא בְּיוֹמָא הַהוּא לְאֶבְלָא לְכָל עַמָא אֲרֵי שְׁמַע עַמָא בְּיוֹמָא הַהוּא לְמֵימַר אִתְנְסֵיס מַלְכָּא עַל בְּרֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the victory that day was turned into mourning unto all the people; for the people heard say that day: 'The king grieveth for his son.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.548/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:490`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 19:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.19.2/) - next →: [2 Samuel 19:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.19.4/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/19/)