--- title: 2 Samuel 19:4 — And the people got them by stealth that day into the city, as people… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the people got them by stealth that day into the city, as people that are ashamed steal away when they flee in battle. Who acts: people. 2 Samuel 19:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.19.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/19/) / 19:4 # 2 Samuel 19:4 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** people · **What happens:** get, be, steal away, flee · **To what, where:** them, city, battle This is 2 Samuel 19:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people — and what happens in the verse to them, city, battle, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּתְגַּנֵּ֥ב הָעָ֛ם בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא לָב֣וֹא הָעִ֑יר כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר יִתְגַּנֵּ֗ב הָעָם֙ הַנִּכְלָמִ֔ים בְּנוּסָ֖ם בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ [And the people got them by stealth that day into the city, as people that are ashamed steal away when they flee in battle.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.549/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:491 # text = וַיִּתְגַּנֵּ֥ב הָעָ֛ם בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא לָב֣וֹא הָעִ֑יר כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר יִתְגַּנֵּ֗ב הָעָם֙ הַנִּכְלָמִ֔ים בְּנוּסָ֖ם בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ # verse = 2SA.19.4 1-2 וַיִּתְגַּנֵּ֥ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_19:4!1|MId=o100190040011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּתְגַּנֵּ֥ב גָּנַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.acted.stealthily|Ref=2SA_19:4!1|MId=o100190040012|Strong=1589|Frame=A0:100190040022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הָעָ֛ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_19:4!2|MId=o100190040021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 עָ֛ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=people|Ref=2SA_19:4!2|MId=o100190040022|Strong=5971 5-7 בַּיּ֥וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2SA_19:4!3|MId=o100190040031|Strong=0871a 6 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_19:4!3|MId=o100190040031ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 יּ֥וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=2SA_19:4!3|MId=o100190040032|Strong=3117 8-9 הַה֖וּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2SA_19:4!4|MId=o100190040041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 ה֖וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 det _ Gloss=that|Ref=2SA_19:4!4|MId=o100190040042|Strong=1931|Type=personal 10-11 לָב֣וֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_19:4!5|MId=o100190040051|Strong=3807a 11 ב֣וֹא בּוֹא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 advcl _ Gloss=enter|Ref=2SA_19:4!5|MId=o100190040052|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:100190040022;|Type=infinitive_construct 12-13 הָעִ֑יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_19:4!6|MId=o100190040061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 עִ֑יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=city|Ref=2SA_19:4!6|MId=o100190040062|Strong=5892 14-15 כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=just|Ref=2SA_19:4!7|MId=o100190040071|Strong=3509a 15 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=as|Ref=2SA_19:4!7|MId=o100190040072|Strong=0834|Type=relative 16 יִתְגַּנֵּ֗ב גָּנַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 14 acl:relcl _ Gloss=it.acts.stealthily|Ref=2SA_19:4!8|MId=o100190040081|Strong=1589|Frame=A0:100190040092;|Type=yiqtol 17-18 הָעָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2SA_19:4!9|MId=o100190040091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 עָם֙ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ Gloss=people|Ref=2SA_19:4!9|MId=o100190040092|Strong=5971 19-20 הַנִּכְלָמִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 20 mark _ Gloss=[who|Ref=2SA_19:4!10|MId=o100190040101|Strong=1886a 20 נִּכְלָמִ֔ים כָּלַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur 18 acl:relcl _ Gloss=are].ashamed|Ref=2SA_19:4!10|MId=o100190040102|Strong=3637|Frame=A0:100190040092;|Type=participle_passive 21-23 בְּנוּסָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=when|Ref=2SA_19:4!11|MId=o100190040111|Strong=0871a 22 נוּס נוּס VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 16 advcl _ Gloss=flee|Ref=2SA_19:4!11|MId=o100190040112|Strong=5127|Frame=A0:100190040113;|Type=infinitive_construct 23 ָ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=2SA_19:4!11|MId=o100190040113|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 24-26 בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_19:4!12|MId=o100190040121|Strong=0871a 25 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2SA_19:4!12|MId=o100190040121ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 מִּלְחָמָֽה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=battle|Ref=2SA_19:4!12|MId=o100190040122|Strong=4421 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=2SA_19:4!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּתְגַּנֵּב *it acted stealthily* | wayyiqtol · hithpael | עָם *people* | | | | | בוֹא *enter* | infinitive construct · qal | עָם *people* | | | | | יִתְגַּנֵּב *it acts stealthily* | yiqtol · hithpael | עָם *people* | | | | | נִּכְלָמִים *are\] ashamed* | participle passive · niphal | עָם *people* | | | | | נוּס *flee* | infinitive construct · qal | ָם *they* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּמִתְגַנְבִין עַמָא בְּיוֹמָא הַהוּא לְמֵיעַל לְקַרְתָּא כְּמָא דְמִתְגַנְבִין עַמָא דְמִתְכַּלְמִין בְּמִפַּכְהוֹן בִּקְרָבָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the people got them by stealth that day into the city, as people that are ashamed steal away when they flee in battle.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.549/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:491`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 19:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.19.3/) - next →: [2 Samuel 19:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.19.5/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/19/)