--- title: 2 Samuel 19:8 — Now therefore arise, go forth, and speak to the heart of thy servant… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now therefore arise, go forth, and speak to the heart of thy servants; for I swear by the LORD, if thou go not forth, there will not tarry a man with thee this night; and that will be worse unto thee than all the evil that hath befallen thee from thy youth until now.' Who acts: you, I, thou, that. 2 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.19.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/19/) / 19:8 # 2 Samuel 19:8 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** you, I, thou, that, evil · **What happens:** arise, go, speak, swear, not go, not tarry · **To what, where:** man, thee, youth · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 19:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, I, thou, that, evil — and what happens in the verse to man, thee, youth, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְעַתָּה֙ ק֣וּם צֵ֔א וְדַבֵּ֖ר עַל־לֵ֣ב עֲבָדֶ֑יךָ כִּי֩ בַיהוָ֨ה נִשְׁבַּ֜עְתִּי כִּי־אֵינְךָ֣ יוֹצֵ֗א אִם־יָלִ֨ין אִ֤ישׁ אִתְּךָ֙ הַלַּ֔יְלָה וְרָעָ֧ה לְךָ֣ זֹ֗את מִכָּל־הָרָעָה֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֣אָה עָלֶ֔יךָ מִנְּעֻרֶ֖יךָ עַד־עָֽתָּה׃ס [Now therefore arise, go forth, and speak to the heart of thy servants; for I swear by the LORD, if thou go not forth, there will not tarry a man with thee this night; and that will be worse unto thee than all the evil that hath befallen thee from thy youth until now.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.554/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:495 # text = וְעַתָּה֙ ק֣וּם צֵ֔א וְדַבֵּ֖ר עַל־לֵ֣ב עֲבָדֶ֑יךָ כִּי֩ בַיהוָ֨ה נִשְׁבַּ֜עְתִּי כִּי־אֵינְךָ֣ יוֹצֵ֗א אִם־יָלִ֨ין אִ֤ישׁ אִתְּךָ֙ הַלַּ֔יְלָה וְרָעָ֧ה לְךָ֣ זֹ֗את מִכָּל־הָרָעָה֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֣אָה עָלֶ֔יךָ מִנְּעֻרֶ֖יךָ עַד־עָֽתָּה׃ס # verse = 2SA.19.8 1-2 וְעַתָּה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_19:8!1|MId=o100190080011|Strong=2050b 2 עַתָּה֙ עַתָּה ADV _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=2SA_19:8!1|MId=o100190080012|Strong=6258 3 ק֣וּם קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 parataxis _ Gloss=arise|Ref=2SA_19:8!2|MId=o100190080021|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:100190060042;|Type=imperative 4 צֵ֔א יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 parataxis _ Gloss=go.out|Ref=2SA_19:8!3|MId=o100190080031|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:100190060042;|Type=imperative 5-6 וְדַבֵּ֖ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_19:8!4|MId=o100190080041|Strong=2050b 6 דַבֵּ֖ר דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 conj _ Gloss=speak|Ref=2SA_19:8!4|MId=o100190080042|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:100190060042;|Type=imperative 7 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_19:8!5|MId=o100190080051|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 8 לֵ֣ב לֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=the.heart|Ref=2SA_19:8!6|MId=o100190080061|Strong=3820 9-10 עֲבָדֶ֑יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 עֲבָדֶ֑י עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=your.servants|Ref=2SA_19:8!7|MId=o100190080071|Strong=5650 10 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=2SA_19:8!7|MId=o100190080072|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 11 כִּי֩ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 14 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=2SA_19:8!8|MId=o100190080081|Strong=3588 12-13 בַיהוָ֨ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=2SA_19:8!9|MId=o100190080091|Strong=0871a 13 יהוָ֨ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 14 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=2SA_19:8!9|MId=o100190080092|Strong=3068 14 נִשְׁבַּ֜עְתִּי שָׁבַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 advcl _ Gloss=I.swear|Ref=2SA_19:8!10|MId=o100190080101|Strong=7650|Frame=A0:100190060021;|Type=qatal 15 כִּי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 18 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=2SA_19:8!11|MId=o100190080111|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 16-17 אֵינְךָ֣ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 אֵינ אַיִן ADV _ _ 18 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=2SA_19:8!12|MId=o100190080121|Strong=0369|Type=negative 17 ְךָ֣ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=2SA_19:8!12|MId=o100190080122|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 18 יוֹצֵ֗א יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 20 advcl _ Gloss=[are].coming.out|Ref=2SA_19:8!13|MId=o100190080131|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:100190080122;|Type=participle_active 19 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 20 mark _ Gloss=if|Ref=2SA_19:8!14|MId=o100190080141|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 20 יָלִ֨ין לין VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=he.will.lodge|Ref=2SA_19:8!15|MId=o100190080151|Strong=3885a|Frame=A0:100190080161;|Type=yiqtol 21 אִ֤ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=a.man|Ref=2SA_19:8!16|MId=o100190080161|Strong=0376 22-23 אִתְּךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 אִתּ אֵת ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=2SA_19:8!17|MId=o100190080171|Strong=0854 23 ְךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 20 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=2SA_19:8!17|MId=o100190080172|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 24-25 הַלַּ֔יְלָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=2SA_19:8!18|MId=o100190080181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 לַּ֔יְלָה לַיְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=night|Ref=2SA_19:8!18|MId=o100190080182|Strong=3915 26-27 וְרָעָ֧ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_19:8!19|MId=o100190080191|Strong=2050b 27 רָעָ֧ה רָעַע VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.will.be.bad|Ref=2SA_19:8!19|MId=o100190080192|Strong=7489|Frame=A0:100190080211;|Type=weqatal 28-29 לְךָ֣ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 ל לְ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=2SA_19:8!20|MId=o100190080201|Strong=3807a 29 ְךָ֣ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 27 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=2SA_19:8!20|MId=o100190080202|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 30 זֹ֗את זֹאת PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 27 nsubj _ Gloss=this|Ref=2SA_19:8!21|MId=o100190080211|Strong=2063|Type=demonstrative 31-32 מִכָּל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=more|Ref=2SA_19:8!22|MId=o100190080221|Strong=4480 32 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 obl _ Gloss=than.all|Ref=2SA_19:8!22|MId=o100190080222|Strong=3605 33-34 הָרָעָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_19:8!23|MId=o100190080231|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 רָעָה֙ רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 32 compound:smixut _ Gloss=harm|Ref=2SA_19:8!23|MId=o100190080232|Strong=7451b 35 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 36 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=2SA_19:8!24|MId=o100190080241|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 36 בָּ֣אָה בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 32 acl:relcl _ Gloss=it.has.come|Ref=2SA_19:8!25|MId=o100190080251|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:100190080232;|Type=qatal 37-38 עָלֶ֔יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 עָלֶ֔י עַל ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2SA_19:8!26|MId=o100190080261|Strong=5921 38 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 36 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=2SA_19:8!26|MId=o100190080262|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 39-41 מִנְּעֻרֶ֖יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=since|Ref=2SA_19:8!27|MId=o100190080271|Strong=4480 40 נְּעֻרֶ֖י נְעוּרִים NOUN _ Number=Plur 36 obl _ Gloss=youth(s)|Ref=2SA_19:8!27|MId=o100190080272|Strong=5271 41 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 40 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=2SA_19:8!27|MId=o100190080273|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 42 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 43 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=2SA_19:8!28|MId=o100190080281|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 43 עָֽתָּה עַתָּה ADV _ _ 40 conj _ Gloss=now|Ref=2SA_19:8!29|MId=o100190080291|Strong=6258|SpaceAfter=No 44 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 43 punct _ Ref=2SA_19:8!29|SpaceAfter=No 45 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 43 punct _ Ref=2SA_19:8!29 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | קוּם *arise* | imperative · qal | | | | | | צֵא *go out* | imperative · qal | | | | | | דַבֵּר *speak* | imperative · piel | | | | | | נִשְׁבַּעְתִּי *I swear* | qatal · niphal | | | | | | **not** יוֹצֵא *\[are\] coming out* | participle active · qal | ְךָ *you* | | | | | יָלִין *he will lodge* | yiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *a man* | | | | | רָעָה *it will be bad* | weqatal · qal | זֹאת *this* | | | | | בָּאָה *it has come* | qatal · qal | רָעָה *harm* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּכְעַן קוּם פּוּק וּמַלֵיל עַל לִבָּא דְעַבְדָךְ אֲרֵי בְּמֵימְרָא דַייָ קַיֵמִית אֲרֵי לֵיתָךְ נָפִיק אִם יְבִית גְבַר עִמָךְ בְּלֵילְיָא וּתְהֵי בִישָׁא לָךְ דָא מִכָּל בִּישְׁתָא דְאָתַת עֲלָךְ מִזְעוּרָךְ עַד כְּעַן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now therefore arise, go forth, and speak to the heart of thy servants; for I swear by the LORD, if thou go not forth, there will not tarry a man with thee this night; and that will be worse unto thee than all the evil that hath befallen thee from thy youth until now.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.554/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:495`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 19:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.19.7/) - next →: [2 Samuel 19:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.19.9/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/19/)