--- title: 2 Samuel 2:21 — And Abner said to him: 'Turn thee aside to thy right hand or to thy… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Abner said to him: 'Turn thee aside to thy right hand or to thy left, and lay thee hold on one of the young men, and take thee his armour.' But Asahel would not turn aside from following him. Who acts: Abner, Asahel. 2 Samuel 2:21 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.2.21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/2/) / 2:21 # 2 Samuel 2:21 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** Abner, Asahel · **What happens:** say, turn, lay, take, not turn, follow · **To what, where:** Asahel, thee, right hand, armour, Abner · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 2:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Abner, Asahel — and what happens in the verse to Asahel, thee, right hand, armour, Abner, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֧אמֶר ל֣וֹ אַבְנֵ֗ר נְטֵ֤ה לְךָ֙ עַל־יְמִֽינְךָ֙ א֣וֹ עַל־שְׂמֹאלֶ֔ךָ וֶאֱחֹ֣ז לְךָ֗ אֶחָד֙ מֵֽהַנְּעָרִ֔ים וְקַח־לְךָ֖ אֶת־חֲלִצָת֑וֹ וְלֹֽא־אָבָ֣ה עֲשָׂהאֵ֔ל לָס֖וּר מֵאַחֲרָֽיו׃ [And Abner said to him: 'Turn thee aside to thy right hand or to thy left, and lay thee hold on one of the young men, and take thee his armour.' But Asahel would not turn aside from following him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.55/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:47 # text = וַיֹּ֧אמֶר ל֣וֹ אַבְנֵ֗ר נְטֵ֤ה לְךָ֙ עַל־יְמִֽינְךָ֙ א֣וֹ עַל־שְׂמֹאלֶ֔ךָ וֶאֱחֹ֣ז לְךָ֗ אֶחָד֙ מֵֽהַנְּעָרִ֔ים וְקַח־לְךָ֖ אֶת־חֲלִצָת֑וֹ וְלֹֽא־אָבָ֣ה עֲשָׂהאֵ֔ל לָס֖וּר מֵאַחֲרָֽיו׃ # verse = 2SA.2.21 1-2 וַיֹּ֧אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_2:21!1|MId=o100020210011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֧אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2SA_2:21!1|MId=o100020210012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100020210031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 ל֣וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ל לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_2:21!2|MId=o100020210021|Strong=3807a 4 ֣וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_2:21!2|MId=o100020210022|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 5 אַבְנֵ֗ר אַבְנֵר PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Abner|Ref=2SA_2:21!3|MId=o100020210031|Strong=0074 6 נְטֵ֤ה נָטָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=turn.aside|Ref=2SA_2:21!4|MId=o100020210041|Strong=5186|Frame=A0:100020190021;|Type=imperative 7-8 לְךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 ל לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=(for|Ref=2SA_2:21!5|MId=o100020210051|Strong=3807a 8 ְךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 6 obl _ Gloss=yourself|Ref=2SA_2:21!5|MId=o100020210052|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 9 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_2:21!6|MId=o100020210061|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 10-11 יְמִֽינְךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 יְמִֽינ יָמִין NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=right|Ref=2SA_2:21!7|MId=o100020210071|Strong=3225 11 ְךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=2SA_2:21!7|MId=o100020210072|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 12 א֣וֹ אוֹ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=or|Ref=2SA_2:21!8|MId=o100020210081|Strong=0176 13 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_2:21!9|MId=o100020210091|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 14-15 שְׂמֹאלֶ֔ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 שְׂמֹאל שְׂמֹאל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 conj _ Gloss=left|Ref=2SA_2:21!10|MId=o100020210101|Strong=8040 15 ֶ֔ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=2SA_2:21!10|MId=o100020210102|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 16-17 וֶאֱחֹ֣ז _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וֶ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_2:21!11|MId=o100020210111|Strong=2050b 17 אֱחֹ֣ז אָחַז VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 6 conj _ Gloss=seize|Ref=2SA_2:21!11|MId=o100020210112|Strong=0270|Frame=A0:100020190021;A1:100020210131;|Type=imperative 18-19 לְךָ֗ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 ל לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=2SA_2:21!12|MId=o100020210121|Strong=3807a 19 ְךָ֗ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 17 obl _ Gloss=yourself|Ref=2SA_2:21!12|MId=o100020210122|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 20 אֶחָד֙ אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obj _ Gloss=one|Ref=2SA_2:21!13|MId=o100020210131|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 21-23 מֵֽהַנְּעָרִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 מֵֽ מִן ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=2SA_2:21!14|MId=o100020210141|Strong=4480 22 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=the.young|Ref=2SA_2:21!14|MId=o100020210142|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 נְּעָרִ֔ים נַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 nmod _ Gloss=men|Ref=2SA_2:21!14|MId=o100020210143|Strong=5288 24-25 וְקַח־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_2:21!15|MId=o100020210151|Strong=2050b 25 קַח־ לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 6 conj _ Gloss=take|Ref=2SA_2:21!15|MId=o100020210152|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:100020190021;A1:100020210181;|Type=imperative 26-27 לְךָ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 ל לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=2SA_2:21!16|MId=o100020210161|Strong=3807a 27 ְךָ֖ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 25 obl _ Gloss=yourself|Ref=2SA_2:21!16|MId=o100020210162|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 28 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_2:21!17|MId=o100020210171|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 29-30 חֲלִצָת֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 חֲלִצָת חֲלִיצָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 25 obj _ Gloss=spoil|Ref=2SA_2:21!18|MId=o100020210181|Strong=2488 30 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_2:21!18|MId=o100020210182|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 31-32 וְלֹֽא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_2:21!19|MId=o100020210191|Strong=2050b 32 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 33 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=2SA_2:21!19|MId=o100020210192|Strong=3808|Type=negative 33 אָבָ֣ה אָבָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=he.was.willing|Ref=2SA_2:21!20|MId=o100020210201|Strong=0014|Frame=A0:100020210211;|Type=qatal 34 עֲשָׂהאֵ֔ל עֲשָׂהאֵל PROPN _ _ 33 nsubj _ Gloss=Asahel|Ref=2SA_2:21!21|MId=o100020210211|Strong=6214 35-36 לָס֖וּר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_2:21!22|MId=o100020210221|Strong=3807a 36 ס֖וּר סוּר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 33 xcomp _ Gloss=turn.aside|Ref=2SA_2:21!22|MId=o100020210222|Strong=5493|Frame=A0:100020210211;|Type=infinitive_construct 37-39 מֵאַחֲרָֽיו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2SA_2:21!23|MId=o100020210231|Strong=4480 38 אַחֲרָֽי אַחַר ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=2SA_2:21!23|MId=o100020210232|Strong=0310 39 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_2:21!23|MId=o100020210233|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 40 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=2SA_2:21!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַבְנֵר *Abner* | | | | | נְטֵה *turn aside* | imperative · qal | | | | | | אֱחֹז *seize* | imperative · qal | | אֶחָד *one* | | | | קַח־ *take* | imperative · qal | | חֲלִצָת *spoil* | | | | **not** אָבָה *he was willing* | qatal · qal | עֲשָׂהאֵל *Asahel* | | | | | סוּר *turn aside* | infinitive construct · qal | עֲשָׂהאֵל *Asahel* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ אַבְנֵר אִיתְפְנֵי לָךְ עַל יְמִינָךְ אוֹ עַל סְמָלָךְ וְאֵיחוּד לָךְ חַד מֵעוּלֵימַיָא וְסַב לָךְ יַת זְרָזֵיהּ וְלָא אָבָה עֲשָׂהאֵל לְמֵיזַר מִבַּתְרוֹהִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Abner said to him: 'Turn thee aside to thy right hand or to thy left, and lay thee hold on one of the young men, and take thee his armour.' But Asahel would not turn aside from following him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.55/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:47`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 2:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.2.20/) - next →: [2 Samuel 2:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.2.22/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/2/)