--- title: 2 Samuel 2:22 — And Abner said again to Asahel: 'Turn thee aside from following me;… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Abner said again to Asahel: 'Turn thee aside from following me; wherefore should I smite thee to the ground? how then should I hold up my face to Joab thy brother?' Who acts: Abner, I. 2 Samuel 2:22 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.2.22/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/2/) / 2:22 # 2 Samuel 2:22 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** Abner, I · **What happens:** say, turn, follow, smite, hold up · **To what, where:** Asahel, thee, me, face, Joab · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 2:22 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Abner, I — and what happens in the verse to Asahel, thee, me, face, Joab, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֧סֶף ע֣וֹד אַבְנֵ֗ר לֵאמֹר֙ אֶל־עֲשָׂהאֵ֔ל ס֥וּר לְךָ֖ מֵאַֽחֲרָ֑י לָ֤מָּה אַכֶּ֙כָּה֙ אַ֔רְצָה וְאֵיךְ֙ אֶשָּׂ֣א פָנַ֔י אֶל־יוֹאָ֖ב אָחִֽיךָ׃ [And Abner said again to Asahel: 'Turn thee aside from following me; wherefore should I smite thee to the ground? how then should I hold up my face to Joab thy brother?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.56/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:48 # text = וַיֹּ֧סֶף ע֣וֹד אַבְנֵ֗ר לֵאמֹר֙ אֶל־עֲשָׂהאֵ֔ל ס֥וּר לְךָ֖ מֵאַֽחֲרָ֑י לָ֤מָּה אַכֶּ֙כָּה֙ אַ֔רְצָה וְאֵיךְ֙ אֶשָּׂ֣א פָנַ֔י אֶל־יוֹאָ֖ב אָחִֽיךָ׃ # verse = 2SA.2.22 1-2 וַיֹּ֧סֶף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_2:22!1|MId=o100020220011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֧סֶף יָסַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.repeated|Ref=2SA_2:22!1|MId=o100020220012|Strong=3254|Frame=A0:100020220031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 ע֣וֹד עוֹד ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=again|Ref=2SA_2:22!2|MId=o100020220021|Strong=5750 4 אַבְנֵ֗ר אַבְנֵר PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Abner|Ref=2SA_2:22!3|MId=o100020220031|Strong=0074 5-6 לֵאמֹר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 2 ccomp _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_2:22!4|MId=o100020220041|Strong=3807a 6 אמֹר֙ אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 5 fixed _ Gloss=say|Ref=2SA_2:22!4|MId=o100020220042|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100020220031;|Type=infinitive_construct 7 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_2:22!5|MId=o100020220051|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 8 עֲשָׂהאֵ֔ל עֲשָׂהאֵל PROPN _ _ 6 obl _ Gloss=Asahel|Ref=2SA_2:22!6|MId=o100020220061|Strong=6214 9 ס֥וּר סוּר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 parataxis _ Gloss=turn.aside|Ref=2SA_2:22!7|MId=o100020220071|Strong=5493|Frame=A0:100020220061;|Type=imperative 10-11 לְךָ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 ל לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=(for|Ref=2SA_2:22!8|MId=o100020220081|Strong=3807a 11 ְךָ֖ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 9 obl _ Gloss=yourself|Ref=2SA_2:22!8|MId=o100020220082|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 12-14 מֵאַֽחֲרָ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2SA_2:22!9|MId=o100020220091|Strong=4480 13 אַֽחֲר אַחַר ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=2SA_2:22!9|MId=o100020220092|Strong=0310 14 ָ֑י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 9 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=2SA_2:22!9|MId=o100020220093|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 15-16 לָ֤מָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לָ֤ לָמָה ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=|Ref=2SA_2:22!10|MId=o100020220101|Strong=3807a 16 מָּה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 17 obl _ Gloss=why?|Ref=2SA_2:22!10|MId=o100020220102|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 17-18 אַכֶּ֙כָּה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 אַכּ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 9 parataxis _ Gloss=will|Ref=2SA_2:22!11|MId=o100020220111|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:100020220031;A0:100020220112;|Type=yiqtol 18 ֶ֙כָּה֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 17 obj _ Gloss=I.strike.you|Ref=2SA_2:22!11|MId=o100020220112|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 19-20 אַ֔רְצָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 אַ֔רְצ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=ground|Ref=2SA_2:22!12|MId=o100020220121|Strong=0776 20 ָה ה X _ _ 19 nmod _ Gloss=to.[the]|Ref=2SA_2:22!12|MId=o100020220122|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 21-22 וְאֵיךְ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_2:22!13|MId=o100020220131|Strong=2050b 22 אֵיךְ֙ אֵיךְ INTJ _ _ 23 discourse _ Gloss=how?|Ref=2SA_2:22!13|MId=o100020220132|Strong=0349|Type=interrogative 23 אֶשָּׂ֣א נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 9 conj _ Gloss=will.I.lift.up|Ref=2SA_2:22!14|MId=o100020220141|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:100020220031;A1:100020220151;|Type=yiqtol 24-25 פָנַ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 פָנ פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 23 obj _ Gloss=face|Ref=2SA_2:22!15|MId=o100020220151|Strong=6440 25 ַ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=2SA_2:22!15|MId=o100020220152|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 26 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_2:22!16|MId=o100020220161|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 27 יוֹאָ֖ב יוֹאָב PROPN _ _ 23 obl _ Gloss=Joab|Ref=2SA_2:22!17|MId=o100020220171|Strong=3097 28-29 אָחִֽיךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 אָחִֽי אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 appos _ Gloss=brother|Ref=2SA_2:22!18|MId=o100020220181|Strong=0251 29 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=2SA_2:22!18|MId=o100020220182|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=2SA_2:22!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּסֶף *he repeated* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | אַבְנֵר *Abner* | | | | | אמֹר *say* | infinitive construct · qal | אַבְנֵר *Abner* | | | | | סוּר *turn aside* | imperative · qal | עֲשָׂהאֵל *Asahel* | | | | | אַכּ *will* | yiqtol · hiphil | ֶכָּה *I strike you* | | | אַבְנֵר *Abner* | | אֶשָּׂא *will I lift up* | yiqtol · qal | אַבְנֵר *Abner* | פָנ *face* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאוֹסִיף עוֹד אַבְנֵר לְמֵימָר לַעֲשָׂהאֵל זוּר לָךְ מִבַּתְרַי לָמָה אֶקְטְלִינָךְ וְאֶרְמִינָךְ לְאַרְעָא וְאֵיכְדִין אֶזְקוֹף אַפֵּי וְאֵיחָמֵי לְיוֹאָב אָחוּךְ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Abner said again to Asahel: 'Turn thee aside from following me; wherefore should I smite thee to the ground? how then should I hold up my face to Joab thy brother?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.56/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:48`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 2:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.2.21/) - next →: [2 Samuel 2:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.2.23/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/2/)