--- title: 2 Samuel 20:10 — But Amasa took no heed to the sword that was in Joab's hand; so he s… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: But Amasa took no heed to the sword that was in Joab's hand; so he smote him therewith in the groin, and shed out his bowels to the ground, and struck him not again; and he died. And Joab and Abishai his brother pursued after Sheba the son of Bichri. Who acts: Amasa, sword, Joab. 2 Samuel 20:10 in H --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.20.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/20/) / 20:10 # 2 Samuel 20:10 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** Amasa, sword, Joab · **What happens:** take, be, smite, shed out, not strike, die · **To what, where:** heed, sword, hand, Joab, groin, bowels This is 2 Samuel 20:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Amasa, sword, Joab — and what happens in the verse to heed, sword, hand, Joab, groin, bowels, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַעֲמָשָׂ֨א לֹֽא־נִשְׁמַ֜ר בַּחֶ֣רֶב ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיַד־יוֹאָ֗ב וַיַּכֵּהוּ֩ בָ֨הּ אֶל־הַחֹ֜מֶשׁ וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֨ךְ מֵעָ֥יו אַ֛רְצָה וְלֹא־שָׁ֥נָה ל֖וֹ וַיָּמֹ֑תס וְיוֹאָב֙ וַאֲבִישַׁ֣י אָחִ֔יו רָדַ֕ף אַחֲרֵ֖י שֶׁ֥בַע בֶּן־בִּכְרִֽי׃ [But Amasa took no heed to the sword that was in Joab's hand; so he smote him therewith in the groin, and shed out his bowels to the ground, and struck him not again; and he died.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.612/) [And Joab and Abishai his brother pursued after Sheba the son of Bichri.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.613/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:541 # text = וַעֲמָשָׂ֨א לֹֽא־נִשְׁמַ֜ר בַּחֶ֣רֶב ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיַד־יוֹאָ֗ב וַיַּכֵּהוּ֩ בָ֨הּ אֶל־הַחֹ֜מֶשׁ וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֨ךְ מֵעָ֥יו אַ֛רְצָה וְלֹא־שָׁ֥נָה ל֖וֹ וַיָּמֹ֑תס וְיוֹאָב֙ וַאֲבִישַׁ֣י אָחִ֔יו רָדַ֕ף אַחֲרֵ֖י שֶׁ֥בַע בֶּן־בִּכְרִֽי׃ # verse = 2SA.20.10 1-2 וַעֲמָשָׂ֨א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_20:10!1|MId=o100200100011|Strong=2050b 2 עֲמָשָׂ֨א עֲמָשָׂא PROPN _ _ 4 nsubj _ Gloss=Amasa|Ref=2SA_20:10!1|MId=o100200100012|Strong=6021 3 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 4 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=2SA_20:10!2|MId=o100200100021|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 4 נִשְׁמַ֜ר שָׁמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.took.heed|Ref=2SA_20:10!3|MId=o100200100031|Strong=8104|Frame=A0:100200100012;|Type=qatal 5-7 בַּחֶ֣רֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_20:10!4|MId=o100200100041|Strong=0871a 6 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_20:10!4|MId=o100200100041ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 חֶ֣רֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 obl _ Gloss=sword|Ref=2SA_20:10!4|MId=o100200100042|Strong=2719 8 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 7 punct _ Ref=2SA_20:10!4 9 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=2SA_20:10!5|MId=o100200100051|Strong=0834|Type=relative 10-11 בְּיַד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=[was].in|Ref=2SA_20:10!6|MId=o100200100061|Strong=0871a 11 יַד־ יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 7 acl:relcl _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=2SA_20:10!6|MId=o100200100062|Strong=3027 12 יוֹאָ֗ב יוֹאָב PROPN _ _ 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Joab|Ref=2SA_20:10!7|MId=o100200100071|Strong=3097 13-15 וַיַּכֵּהוּ֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_20:10!8|MId=o100200100081|Strong=2050b 14 יַּכּ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=2SA_20:10!8|MId=o100200100082|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:100200100071;A0:100200100083;|Type=wayyiqtol 15 ֵהוּ֩ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 obj _ Gloss=struck.him|Ref=2SA_20:10!8|MId=o100200100083|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 16-17 בָ֨הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=2SA_20:10!9|MId=o100200100091|Strong=0871a 17 ָ֨הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=2SA_20:10!9|MId=o100200100092|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 18 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=2SA_20:10!10|MId=o100200100101|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 19-20 הַחֹ֜מֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_20:10!11|MId=o100200100111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 חֹ֜מֶשׁ חֹמֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=belly|Ref=2SA_20:10!11|MId=o100200100112|Strong=2570 21-22 וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֨ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_20:10!12|MId=o100200100121|Strong=2050b 22 יִּשְׁפֹּ֨ךְ שָׁפַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=he.poured.out|Ref=2SA_20:10!12|MId=o100200100122|Strong=8210|Frame=A0:100200100131;|Type=wayyiqtol 23-24 מֵעָ֥יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 מֵעָ֥י מֵעִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ Gloss=bowels|Ref=2SA_20:10!13|MId=o100200100131|Strong=4578 24 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_20:10!13|MId=o100200100132|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 25-26 אַ֛רְצָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 אַ֛רְצ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=ground|Ref=2SA_20:10!14|MId=o100200100141|Strong=0776 26 ָה ה X _ _ 25 nmod _ Gloss=to.[the]|Ref=2SA_20:10!14|MId=o100200100142|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 27-28 וְלֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_20:10!15|MId=o100200100151|Strong=2050b 28 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 29 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=2SA_20:10!15|MId=o100200100152|Strong=3808|Type=negative 29 שָׁ֥נָה שָׁנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=he.repeated|Ref=2SA_20:10!16|MId=o100200100161|Strong=8138a|Frame=A0:100200100071;|Type=qatal 30-31 ל֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 ל לְ ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_20:10!17|MId=o100200100171|Strong=3807a 31 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_20:10!17|MId=o100200100172|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 32-33 וַיָּמֹ֑ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_20:10!18|MId=o100200100181|Strong=2050b 33 יָּמֹ֑ת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=he.died|Ref=2SA_20:10!18|MId=o100200100182|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:100200100012;|Type=wayyiqtol 34 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=2SA_20:10!18 35-36 וְיוֹאָב֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 41 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_20:10!19|MId=o100200100191|Strong=2050b 36 יוֹאָב֙ יוֹאָב PROPN _ _ 41 nsubj _ Gloss=Joab|Ref=2SA_20:10!19|MId=o100200100192|Strong=3097 37-38 וַאֲבִישַׁ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_20:10!20|MId=o100200100201|Strong=2050b 38 אֲבִישַׁ֣י אֲבִישַׁי PROPN _ _ 36 conj _ Gloss=Abishai|Ref=2SA_20:10!20|MId=o100200100202|Strong=0052 39-40 אָחִ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 אָחִ֔י אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 38 appos _ Gloss=brother|Ref=2SA_20:10!21|MId=o100200100211|Strong=0251 40 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_20:10!21|MId=o100200100212|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 41 רָדַ֕ף רָדַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=he.pursued|Ref=2SA_20:10!22|MId=o100200100221|Strong=7291|Frame=A0:100200100202;100200100212;|Type=qatal 42 אַחֲרֵ֖י אַחַר ADP _ _ 43 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=2SA_20:10!23|MId=o100200100231|Strong=0310 43 שֶׁ֥בַע שֶׁבַע NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 41 obl _ Gloss=Sheba|Ref=2SA_20:10!24|MId=o100200100241|Strong=7652|Type=cardinal_number 44 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 43 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=2SA_20:10!25|MId=o100200100251|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 45 בִּכְרִֽי בִּכְרִי PROPN _ _ 44 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Bicri|Ref=2SA_20:10!26|MId=o100200100261|Strong=1075|SpaceAfter=No 46 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 45 punct _ Ref=2SA_20:10!26 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** נִשְׁמַר *he took heed* | qatal · niphal | עֲמָשָׂא *Amasa* | | | | | יַּכּ *he* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | ֵהוּ *struck him* | | | יוֹאָב *of Joab* | | יִּשְׁפֹּךְ *he poured out* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֵעָי *bowels* | | | | | **not** שָׁנָה *he repeated* | qatal · qal | יוֹאָב *of Joab* | | | | | יָּמֹת *he died* | wayyiqtol · qal | עֲמָשָׂא *Amasa* | | | | | רָדַף *he pursued* | qatal · qal | אֲבִישַׁי *Abishai* + ו *his* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַעֲמָשָׂא לָא אִסְתְּמַר בְּחַרְבָּא דִי בְיַד יוֹאָב וּמְחָהִי בָהּ בִּסְטַר יַרְכֵיהּ וּשְׁפַךְ מֵיעוֹהִי לְאַרְעָא וְלָא תְנָא לֵיהּ וּמִית וְיוֹאָב וַאֲבִישַׁי אֲחוֹהִי רְדַף בָּתַר שֶׁבַע בַר בִּכְרִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But Amasa took no heed to the sword that was in Joab's hand; so he smote him therewith in the groin, and shed out his bowels to the ground, and struck him not again; and he died.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.612/) 2. [And Joab and Abishai his brother pursued after Sheba the son of Bichri.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.613/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:541`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 20:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.20.9/) - next →: [2 Samuel 20:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.20.11/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/20/)