--- title: 2 Samuel 20:15 — And they came and besieged him in Abel of Beth-maacah, and they cast… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And they came and besieged him in Abel of Beth-maacah, and they cast up a mound against the city, and it stood in the moat; and all the people that were with Joab battered the wall, to throw it down. Who acts: people, mound. 2 Samuel 20:15 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 191 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.20.15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/20/) / 20:15 # 2 Samuel 20:15 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** people, mound · **What happens:** come, besiege, cast up, stand, be, batter · **To what, where:** Amasa, Abel, mound, city, moat, wall This is 2 Samuel 20:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people, mound — and what happens in the verse to Amasa, Abel, mound, city, moat, wall, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ וַיָּצֻ֣רוּ עָלָ֗יו בְּאָבֵ֙לָה֙ בֵּ֣ית הַֽמַּעֲכָ֔האָבֵ֙לָה֙ בֵּ֣ית הַֽמַּעֲכָ֔ה אָבֵ֙לָה֙ בֵּ֣ית הַֽמַּעֲכָ֔ה אָבֵ֙לָה֙ בֵּ֣ית הַֽמַּעֲכָ֔ה וַיִּשְׁפְּכ֤וּ סֹֽלְלָה֙ אֶל־הָעִ֔יר וַֽתַּעֲמֹ֖ד בַּחֵ֑ל וְכָל־הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶת־יוֹאָ֔ב מַשְׁחִיתִ֖ם לְהַפִּ֥יל הַחוֹמָֽה׃ [And they came and besieged him in Abel of Beth-maacah, and they cast up a mound against the city, and it stood in the moat; and all the people that were with Joab battered the wall, to throw it down.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.619/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:546 # text = וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ וַיָּצֻ֣רוּ עָלָ֗יו בְּאָבֵ֙לָה֙ בֵּ֣ית הַֽמַּעֲכָ֔האָבֵ֙לָה֙ בֵּ֣ית הַֽמַּעֲכָ֔ה אָבֵ֙לָה֙ בֵּ֣ית הַֽמַּעֲכָ֔ה אָבֵ֙לָה֙ בֵּ֣ית הַֽמַּעֲכָ֔ה וַיִּשְׁפְּכ֤וּ סֹֽלְלָה֙ אֶל־הָעִ֔יר וַֽתַּעֲמֹ֖ד בַּחֵ֑ל וְכָל־הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶת־יוֹאָ֔ב מַשְׁחִיתִ֖ם לְהַפִּ֥יל הַחוֹמָֽה׃ # verse = 2SA.20.15 1-2 וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_20:15!1|MId=o100200150011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּבֹ֜אוּ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.came|Ref=2SA_20:15!1|MId=o100200150012|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:100200130071;100200130091;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 וַיָּצֻ֣רוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_20:15!2|MId=o100200150021|Strong=2050b 4 יָּצֻ֣רוּ צוּר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.laid.siege|Ref=2SA_20:15!2|MId=o100200150022|Strong=6696|Frame=A0:100200130071;100200130091;|Type=wayyiqtol 5-6 עָלָ֗יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 עָלָ֗י עַל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2SA_20:15!3|MId=o100200150031|Strong=5921 6 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_20:15!3|MId=o100200150032|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7-8 בְּאָבֵ֙לָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_20:15!4|MId=o100200150041|Strong=0871a 8 אָבֵ֙לָה֙ אָבֵל PROPN _ _ 4 obl _ Gloss=Abel|Ref=2SA_20:15!4|MId=o100200150042 9 בֵּ֣ית _ PROPN _ _ 8 flat:name _ Ref=2SA_20:15!4 10-11 הַֽמַּעֲכָ֔האָבֵ֙לָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַֽמַּעֲכָ֔ה _ PROPN _ _ 8 flat:name _ Ref=2SA_20:15!4 11 אָבֵ֙לָה֙ ה NOUN _ _ 8 nmod _ Gloss=Beth|Ref=2SA_20:15!4|MId=o100200150043|Type=directional_he 12 בֵּ֣ית _ NOUN _ _ 11 flat _ Ref=2SA_20:15!4 13 הַֽמַּעֲכָ֔ה _ NOUN _ _ 11 flat _ Ref=2SA_20:15!4 14 אָבֵ֙לָה֙ בַּיִת PROPN _ _ 8 nmod _ Gloss=Maacah|Ref=2SA_20:15!5|MId=o100200150051 15 בֵּ֣ית _ PROPN _ _ 14 flat:name _ Ref=2SA_20:15!5 16 הַֽמַּעֲכָ֔ה _ PROPN _ _ 14 flat:name _ Ref=2SA_20:15!5 17 אָבֵ֙לָה֙ הַ PROPN _ _ 8 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=2SA_20:15!6|MId=o100200150061 18 בֵּ֣ית _ PROPN _ _ 17 flat:name _ Ref=2SA_20:15!6 19 הַֽמַּעֲכָ֔ה _ PROPN _ _ 17 flat:name _ Ref=2SA_20:15!6 20-21 וַיִּשְׁפְּכ֤וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_20:15!7|MId=o100200150071|Strong=2050b 21 יִּשְׁפְּכ֤וּ שָׁפַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.poured.out|Ref=2SA_20:15!7|MId=o100200150072|Strong=8210|Frame=A0:100200130071;100200130091;A1:100200150061;|Type=wayyiqtol 22 סֹֽלְלָה֙ סֹלְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 21 obj _ Gloss=a.mound|Ref=2SA_20:15!8|MId=o100200150081|Strong=5550 23 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=2SA_20:15!9|MId=o100200150091|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 24-25 הָעִ֔יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_20:15!10|MId=o100200150101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 עִ֔יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 21 obl _ Gloss=city|Ref=2SA_20:15!10|MId=o100200150102|Strong=5892 26-27 וַֽתַּעֲמֹ֖ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_20:15!11|MId=o100200150111|Strong=2050b 27 תַּעֲמֹ֖ד עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.stood|Ref=2SA_20:15!11|MId=o100200150112|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:100200150061;|Type=wayyiqtol 28-30 בַּחֵ֑ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=2SA_20:15!12|MId=o100200150121|Strong=0871a 29 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_20:15!12|MId=o100200150121ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 חֵ֑ל חֵיל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 obl _ Gloss=rampart|Ref=2SA_20:15!12|MId=o100200150122|Strong=2426 31-32 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_20:15!13|MId=o100200150131|Strong=2050b 32 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 38 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=2SA_20:15!13|MId=o100200150132|Strong=3605 33-34 הָעָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_20:15!14|MId=o100200150141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 עָם֙ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 compound:smixut _ Gloss=people|Ref=2SA_20:15!14|MId=o100200150142|Strong=5971 35 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 37 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=2SA_20:15!15|MId=o100200150151|Strong=0834|Type=relative 36 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=[was].with|Ref=2SA_20:15!16|MId=o100200150161|Strong=0854|SpaceAfter=No 37 יוֹאָ֔ב יוֹאָב PROPN _ _ 32 acl:relcl _ Gloss=Joab|Ref=2SA_20:15!17|MId=o100200150171|Strong=3097 38 מַשְׁחִיתִ֖ם שָׁחַת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur 2 conj _ Gloss=[were].about.to.destroy|Ref=2SA_20:15!18|MId=o100200150181|Strong=7843|Frame=A0:100200150122;|Type=participle_active 39-40 לְהַפִּ֥יל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_20:15!19|MId=o100200150191|Strong=3807a 40 הַפִּ֥יל נָפַל VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 38 advcl _ Gloss=make.fall|Ref=2SA_20:15!19|MId=o100200150192|Strong=5307|Frame=AA:100200150122;A0:100200150182;|Type=infinitive_construct 41-42 הַחוֹמָֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 42 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_20:15!20|MId=o100200150201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 42 חוֹמָֽה חוֹמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 40 obj _ Gloss=wall|Ref=2SA_20:15!20|MId=o100200150202|Strong=2346 43 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 42 punct _ Ref=2SA_20:15!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּבֹאוּ *they came* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יָּצֻרוּ *they laid siege* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יִּשְׁפְּכוּ *they poured out* | wayyiqtol · qal | | אָבֵלָה | | | | תַּעֲמֹד *it stood* | wayyiqtol · qal | אָבֵלָה | | | | | מַשְׁחִיתִם *\[were\] about to destroy* | participle active · hiphil | חֵל *rampart* | | | | | הַפִּיל *make fall* | infinitive construct · hiphil | | | | חֵל *rampart* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲתוֹ וְצָרוּ עֲלוֹהִי בְּאָבֵל בֵית מַעֲכָה וּצְבָרוּ מַלְיָתָא עַל קַרְתָּא וְאַקְפָהּ מַשִׁרְיָן וְכָל עַמָא דְעִם יוֹאָב מִתְעַשְׁתִּין לְחַבָּלָא שׁוּרָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And they came and besieged him in Abel of Beth-maacah, and they cast up a mound against the city, and it stood in the moat; and all the people that were with Joab battered the wall, to throw it down.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.619/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:546`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 20:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.20.14/) - next →: [2 Samuel 20:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.20.16/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/20/)