--- title: 2 Samuel 21:12 — And David went and took the bones of Saul and the bones of Jonathan… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And David went and took the bones of Saul and the bones of Jonathan his son from the men of Jabesh-gilead, who had stolen them from the broad place of Beth-shan, where the Philistines had hanged them, in the day that the Philistines slew Saul in Gilboa; Who acts: David, men, Philistines. 2 Samuel 21 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.21.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/21/) / 21:12 # 2 Samuel 21:12 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** David, men, Philistines · **What happens:** go, take, steal, hang, slay · **To what, where:** bones, Saul, broad place, Gilboa This is 2 Samuel 21:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, men, Philistines — and what happens in the verse to bones, Saul, broad place, Gilboa, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֗ד וַיִּקַּ֞ח אֶת־עַצְמ֤וֹת שָׁאוּל֙ וְאֶת־עַצְמוֹת֙ יְהוֹנָתָ֣ן בְּנ֔וֹ מֵאֵ֕ת בַּעֲלֵ֖י יָבֵ֣ישׁ גִּלְעָ֑ד יָבֵ֣ישׁ גִּלְעָ֑ד אֲשֶׁר֩ גָּנְב֨וּ אֹתָ֜ם מֵרְחֹ֣ב בֵּֽית־שַׁ֗ןבֵּֽית־שַׁ֗ן אֲשֶׁ֨ר תְּלָא֥וּם שָׁ֙מָּה֙ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים בְּי֨וֹם הַכּ֧וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֛ים אֶת־שָׁא֖וּל בַּגִּלְבֹּֽעַ׃ [And David went and took the bones of Saul and the bones of Jonathan his son from the men of Jabesh-gilead, who had stolen them from the broad place of Beth-shan, where the Philistines had hanged them, in the day that the Philistines slew Saul in Gilboa;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.646/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:569 # text = וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֗ד וַיִּקַּ֞ח אֶת־עַצְמ֤וֹת שָׁאוּל֙ וְאֶת־עַצְמוֹת֙ יְהוֹנָתָ֣ן בְּנ֔וֹ מֵאֵ֕ת בַּעֲלֵ֖י יָבֵ֣ישׁ גִּלְעָ֑ד יָבֵ֣ישׁ גִּלְעָ֑ד אֲשֶׁר֩ גָּנְב֨וּ אֹתָ֜ם מֵרְחֹ֣ב בֵּֽית־שַׁ֗ןבֵּֽית־שַׁ֗ן אֲשֶׁ֨ר תְּלָא֥וּם שָׁ֙מָּה֙ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים בְּי֨וֹם הַכּ֧וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֛ים אֶת־שָׁא֖וּל בַּגִּלְבֹּֽעַ׃ # verse = 2SA.21.12 1-2 וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_21:12!1|MId=o100210120011|Strong=2050b 2 יֵּ֣לֶךְ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.went|Ref=2SA_21:12!1|MId=o100210120012|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:100210120021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דָּוִ֗ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=2SA_21:12!2|MId=o100210120021|Strong=1732 4-5 וַיִּקַּ֞ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_21:12!3|MId=o100210120031|Strong=2050b 5 יִּקַּ֞ח לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.took|Ref=2SA_21:12!3|MId=o100210120032|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:100210120021;A1:100210120051;100210120081;|Type=wayyiqtol 6 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_21:12!4|MId=o100210120041|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 7 עַצְמ֤וֹת עֶצֶם NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 5 obj _ Gloss=the.bones|Ref=2SA_21:12!5|MId=o100210120051|Strong=6106 8 שָׁאוּל֙ שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Saul|Ref=2SA_21:12!6|MId=o100210120061|Strong=7586 9-10 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_21:12!7|MId=o100210120071|Strong=2050b 10 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_21:12!7|MId=o100210120072|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 11 עַצְמוֹת֙ עֶצֶם NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 7 conj _ Gloss=the.bones|Ref=2SA_21:12!8|MId=o100210120081|Strong=6106 12 יְהוֹנָתָ֣ן יְהוֹנָתָן PROPN _ _ 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jonathan|Ref=2SA_21:12!9|MId=o100210120091|Strong=3083 13-14 בְּנ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בְּנ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 appos _ Gloss=son|Ref=2SA_21:12!10|MId=o100210120101|Strong=1121 14 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_21:12!10|MId=o100210120102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 15-16 מֵאֵ֕ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2SA_21:12!11|MId=o100210120111|Strong=4480 16 אֵ֕ת אֵת ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=2SA_21:12!11|MId=o100210120112|Strong=0854 17 בַּעֲלֵ֖י בַּעַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 obl _ Gloss=the.citizens|Ref=2SA_21:12!12|MId=o100210120121|Strong=1167 18 יָבֵ֣ישׁ יָבֵישׁ PROPN _ _ 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=2SA_21:12!13|MId=o100210120131 19 גִּלְעָ֑ד _ PROPN _ _ 18 flat:name _ Ref=2SA_21:12!13 20 יָבֵ֣ישׁ גִּלְעָד PROPN _ _ 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Jabesh.Gilead|Ref=2SA_21:12!14|MId=o100210120141 21 גִּלְעָ֑ד _ PROPN _ _ 20 flat:name _ Ref=2SA_21:12!14 22 אֲשֶׁר֩ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 23 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=2SA_21:12!15|MId=o100210120151|Strong=0834|Type=relative 23 גָּנְב֨וּ גָּנַב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 17 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.had.stolen|Ref=2SA_21:12!16|MId=o100210120161|Strong=1589|Frame=A0:100210120121;A1:100210120162;|Type=qatal 24-25 אֹתָ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=|Ref=2SA_21:12!17|MId=o100210120171|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 25 ָ֜ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=2SA_21:12!17|MId=o100210120172|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 26-27 מֵרְחֹ֣ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2SA_21:12!18|MId=o100210120181|Strong=4480 27 רְחֹ֣ב רְחֹב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=the.open.square|Ref=2SA_21:12!18|MId=o100210120182|Strong=7339 28-29 בֵּֽית־שַׁ֗ןבֵּֽית־שַׁ֗ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 בֵּֽית־שַׁ֗ן בֵּית־שְׁאָן PROPN _ _ 27 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=2SA_21:12!19|MId=o100210120191 29 בֵּֽית־שַׁ֗ן בֵּית־שְׁאָן PROPN _ _ 27 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Beth.Shan|Ref=2SA_21:12!20|MId=o100210120201 30 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 31 mark _ Gloss=where|Ref=2SA_21:12!21|MId=o100210120211|Strong=0834|Type=relative 31-32 תְּלָא֥וּם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 תְּלָא֥וּ תלא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 27 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they|Ref=2SA_21:12!23|MId=o100210120231|Strong=8511|Frame=A1:100210120212;A0:100210120251;|Type=qatal 32 ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obj _ Gloss=had.hung.them.up|Ref=2SA_21:12!23|MId=o100210120232|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 33-34 שָׁ֙מָּה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 שָׁ֙מּ שָׁם ADV _ _ 31 advmod _ Gloss=there|Ref=2SA_21:12!26|MId=o100210120261|Strong=8033 34 ָה֙ ה X _ _ 33 nmod _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=2SA_21:12!26|MId=o100210120262|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 35 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].Philistines|Ref=2SA_21:12!27|MId=o100210120271|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 36-37 בְּי֨וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2SA_21:12!28|MId=o100210120281|Strong=0871a 37 י֨וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 obl _ Gloss=the.day|Ref=2SA_21:12!28|MId=o100210120282|Strong=3117 38 הַכּ֧וֹת נָכָה VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 37 acl _ Gloss=struck.down|Ref=2SA_21:12!29|MId=o100210120291|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:100210120281;A0:100210120301;|Type=infinitive_construct 39 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֛ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 38 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].Philistines|Ref=2SA_21:12!30|MId=o100210120301|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 40 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 41 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_21:12!31|MId=o100210120311|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 41 שָׁא֖וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 38 obj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=2SA_21:12!32|MId=o100210120321|Strong=7586 42-44 בַּגִּלְבֹּֽעַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 44 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2SA_21:12!33|MId=o100210120331|Strong=0871a 43 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 44 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2SA_21:12!33|MId=o100210120331ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 44 גִּלְבֹּֽעַ גִּלְבֹּעַ PROPN _ _ 38 obl _ Gloss=Gilboa|Ref=2SA_21:12!33|MId=o100210120332|Strong=1533 45 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 44 punct _ Ref=2SA_21:12!33 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֵּלֶךְ *he went* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | יִּקַּח *he took* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | עַצְמוֹת *the bones* + עַצְמוֹת *the bones* | | | | גָּנְבוּ *they had stolen* | qatal · qal | בַּעֲלֵי *the citizens* | | | | | תְּלָאוּ *they* | qatal · qal | | | | | | הַכּוֹת *struck down* | infinitive construct · hiphil | פְּלִשְׁתִּים *\[the\] Philistines* | | | בְּ *on* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲזַל דָוִד וּנְסִיב יַת גַרְמֵי שָׁאוּל וְיַת גַרְמֵי יְהוֹנָתָן בְּרֵיהּ מִלְוַת יַתְבֵי יָבֵשׁ גִלְעָד דִגְנַבוּ יַתְהוֹן מִשׁוּרָא דְבֵית שַׁן דְצַלְבוּנוּן תַּמָן פְלִשְׁתָּאֵי בְּיוֹמָא דִקְטָלוּ פְּלִשְׁתָּאֵי יַת שָׁאוּל בְּגִלְבּוֹעַ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And David went and took the bones of Saul and the bones of Jonathan his son from the men of Jabesh-gilead, who had stolen them from the broad place of Beth-shan, where the Philistines had hanged them, in the day that the Philistines slew Saul in Gilboa;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.646/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:569`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 21:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.21.11/) - next →: [2 Samuel 21:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.21.13/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/21/)