--- title: 2 Samuel 21:17 — But Abishai the son of Zeruiah succoured him, and smote the Philisti… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: But Abishai the son of Zeruiah succoured him, and smote the Philistine, and killed him. Then the men of David swore unto him, saying: 'Thou shalt go no more out with us to battle, that thou quench not the lamp of Israel.' Who acts: Abishai, men, Thou. 2 Samuel 21:17 in Hebrew with its dependency tre --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.21.17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/21/) / 21:17 # 2 Samuel 21:17 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** Abishai, men, Thou · **What happens:** succour, smote, kill, swear, say, go · **To what, where:** David, Philistine, battle, lamp · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 21:17 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Abishai, men, Thou — and what happens in the verse to David, Philistine, battle, lamp, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּֽעֲזָר־לוֹ֙ אֲבִישַׁ֣י בֶּן־צְרוּיָ֔ה וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י וַיְמִיתֵ֑הוּ אָ֣ז נִשְׁבְּעוּ֩ אַנְשֵׁי־דָוִ֨ד ל֜וֹ לֵאמֹ֗ר לֹא־תֵצֵ֨א ע֤וֹד אִתָּ֙נוּ֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְלֹ֥א תְכַבֶּ֖ה אֶת־נֵ֥ר יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃פ [But Abishai the son of Zeruiah succoured him, and smote the Philistine, and killed him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.652/) [Then the men of David swore unto him, saying: 'Thou shalt go no more out with us to battle, that thou quench not the lamp of Israel.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.653/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:574 # text = וַיַּֽעֲזָר־לוֹ֙ אֲבִישַׁ֣י בֶּן־צְרוּיָ֔ה וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י וַיְמִיתֵ֑הוּ אָ֣ז נִשְׁבְּעוּ֩ אַנְשֵׁי־דָוִ֨ד ל֜וֹ לֵאמֹ֗ר לֹא־תֵצֵ֨א ע֤וֹד אִתָּ֙נוּ֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְלֹ֥א תְכַבֶּ֖ה אֶת־נֵ֥ר יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃פ # verse = 2SA.21.17 1-2 וַיַּֽעֲזָר־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_21:17!1|MId=o100210170011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּֽעֲזָר־ עָזַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.helped|Ref=2SA_21:17!1|MId=o100210170012|Strong=5826|Frame=A0:100210170031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 לוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ל לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=2SA_21:17!2|MId=o100210170021|Strong=3807a 4 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_21:17!2|MId=o100210170022|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 5 אֲבִישַׁ֣י אֲבִישַׁי PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Abishai|Ref=2SA_21:17!3|MId=o100210170031|Strong=0052 6 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=2SA_21:17!4|MId=o100210170041|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 7 צְרוּיָ֔ה צְרוּיָה PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Zeruiah|Ref=2SA_21:17!5|MId=o100210170051|Strong=6870 8-9 וַיַּ֥ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_21:17!6|MId=o100210170061|Strong=2050b 9 יַּ֥ךְ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.struck|Ref=2SA_21:17!6|MId=o100210170062|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:100210170031;A0:100210170082;|Type=wayyiqtol 10 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_21:17!7|MId=o100210170071|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 11-12 הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_21:17!8|MId=o100210170081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obj _ Gloss=Philistine|Ref=2SA_21:17!8|MId=o100210170082|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 13-15 וַיְמִיתֵ֑הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_21:17!9|MId=o100210170091|Strong=2050b 14 יְמִית מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=2SA_21:17!9|MId=o100210170092|Strong=4191|Frame=AA:100210170031;A0:100210170093;|Type=wayyiqtol 15 ֵ֑הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 obj _ Gloss=killed.him|Ref=2SA_21:17!9|MId=o100210170093|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 16 אָ֣ז אָז ADV _ _ 17 advmod _ Gloss=then|Ref=2SA_21:17!10|MId=o100210170101|Strong=0227 17 נִשְׁבְּעוּ֩ שָׁבַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=they.swore|Ref=2SA_21:17!11|MId=o100210170111|Strong=7650|Frame=A0:100210170121;|Type=qatal 18 אַנְשֵׁי־ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ Gloss=the.men|Ref=2SA_21:17!12|MId=o100210170121|Strong=0376|SpaceAfter=No 19 דָוִ֨ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.David|Ref=2SA_21:17!13|MId=o100210170131|Strong=1732 20-21 ל֜וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 ל לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_21:17!14|MId=o100210170141|Strong=3807a 21 ֜וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_21:17!14|MId=o100210170142|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 22-23 לֵאמֹ֗ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 25 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=2SA_21:17!15|MId=o100210170151|Strong=3807a 23 אמֹ֗ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 22 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=2SA_21:17!15|MId=o100210170152|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100210170121;|Type=infinitive_construct 24 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 25 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=2SA_21:17!16|MId=o100210170161|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 25 תֵצֵ֨א יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 17 advcl _ Gloss=you.will.go.out|Ref=2SA_21:17!17|MId=o100210170171|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:100210170131;|Type=yiqtol 26 ע֤וֹד עוֹד ADV _ _ 25 advmod _ Gloss=again|Ref=2SA_21:17!18|MId=o100210170181|Strong=5750 27-28 אִתָּ֙נוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 אִתּ אֵת ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=2SA_21:17!19|MId=o100210170191|Strong=0854 28 ָ֙נוּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 25 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=2SA_21:17!19|MId=o100210170192|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 29-31 לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=2SA_21:17!20|MId=o100210170201|Strong=3807a 30 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2SA_21:17!20|MId=o100210170201ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 מִּלְחָמָ֔ה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 25 obl _ Gloss=battle|Ref=2SA_21:17!20|MId=o100210170202|Strong=4421 32-33 וְלֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_21:17!21|MId=o100210170211|Strong=2050b 33 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 34 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=2SA_21:17!21|MId=o100210170212|Strong=3808|Type=negative 34 תְכַבֶּ֖ה כָּבָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=2 25 conj _ Gloss=you.will.extinguish|Ref=2SA_21:17!22|MId=o100210170221|Strong=3518|Frame=A0:100210170131;A1:100210170241;|Type=yiqtol 35 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_21:17!23|MId=o100210170231|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 36 נֵ֥ר נֵר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 obj _ Gloss=the.lamp|Ref=2SA_21:17!24|MId=o100210170241|Strong=5216 37 יִשְׂרָאֵֽל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 36 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=2SA_21:17!25|MId=o100210170251|Strong=3478|SpaceAfter=No 38 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 37 punct _ Ref=2SA_21:17!25|SpaceAfter=No 39 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 37 punct _ Ref=2SA_21:17!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - indirect: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּֽעֲזָר־ *he helped* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲבִישַׁי *Abishai* | | | | | יַּךְ *he struck* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | פְּלִשְׁתִּי *Philistine* | | | אֲבִישַׁי *Abishai* | | יְמִית *he* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | ֵהוּ *killed him* | | | אֲבִישַׁי *Abishai* | | נִשְׁבְּעוּ *they swore* | qatal · niphal | אַנְשֵׁי־ *the men* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | אַנְשֵׁי־ *the men* | | | | | **not** תֵצֵא *you will go out* | yiqtol · qal | דָוִד *of David* | | | | | **not** תְכַבֶּה *you will extinguish* | yiqtol · piel | דָוִד *of David* | נֵר *the lamp* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּסְעֵיד לֵיהּ אֲבִישַׁי בַּר צְרוּיָה וּמְחָא יַת פְּלִשְׁתָּאָה וְקַטְלֵיהּ בְּכֵן קַיָימוּ גַבְרֵי דָוִד לֵיהּ לְמֵימַר לָא תִּפּוֹק עוֹד עִמָנָא לִקְרָבָא וְלָא תִיטְפֵי יַת מַלְכוּתָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But Abishai the son of Zeruiah succoured him, and smote the Philistine, and killed him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.652/) 2. [Then the men of David swore unto him, saying: 'Thou shalt go no more out with us to battle, that thou quench not the lamp of Israel.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.653/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:574`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 21:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.21.16/) - next →: [2 Samuel 21:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.21.18/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/21/)