--- title: 2 Samuel 23:1 — Now these are the last words of David: The saying of David the son o… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now these are the last words of David: The saying of David the son of Jesse, and the saying of the man raised on high, the anointed of the God of Jacob, and the sweet singer of Israel: Who acts: these. 2 Samuel 23:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.23.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/23/) / 23:1 # 2 Samuel 23:1 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** these · **What happens:** be, raise, say · **To what, where:** last words, man, David · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 23:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — these — and what happens in the verse to last words, man, David, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְאֵ֛לֶּה דִּבְרֵ֥י דָוִ֖ד הָאַֽחֲרֹנִ֑ים נְאֻ֧ם דָּוִ֣ד בֶּן־יִשַׁ֗י וּנְאֻ֤ם הַגֶּ֙בֶר֙ הֻ֣קַם עָ֔ל מְשִׁ֙יחַ֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב וּנְעִ֖ים זְמִר֥וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ [Now these are the last words of David: The saying of David the son of Jesse, and the saying of the man raised on high, the anointed of the God of Jacob, and the sweet singer of Israel:](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.711/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:631 # text = וְאֵ֛לֶּה דִּבְרֵ֥י דָוִ֖ד הָאַֽחֲרֹנִ֑ים נְאֻ֧ם דָּוִ֣ד בֶּן־יִשַׁ֗י וּנְאֻ֤ם הַגֶּ֙בֶר֙ הֻ֣קַם עָ֔ל מְשִׁ֙יחַ֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב וּנְעִ֖ים זְמִר֥וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ # verse = 2SA.23.1 1-2 וְאֵ֛לֶּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_23:1!1|MId=o100230010011|Strong=2050b 2 אֵ֛לֶּה אֵלֶּה PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 0 root _ Gloss=these|Ref=2SA_23:1!1|MId=o100230010012|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 3 דִּבְרֵ֥י דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=[are].the.words|Ref=2SA_23:1!2|MId=o100230010021|Strong=1697 4 דָוִ֖ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.David|Ref=2SA_23:1!3|MId=o100230010031|Strong=1732 5-6 הָאַֽחֲרֹנִ֑ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2SA_23:1!4|MId=o100230010041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 אַֽחֲרֹנִ֑ים אַחֲרוֹן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 amod _ Gloss=last|Ref=2SA_23:1!4|MId=o100230010042|Strong=0314|Type=adjective 7 נְאֻ֧ם נְאֻם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 appos _ Gloss=the.utterance|Ref=2SA_23:1!5|MId=o100230010051|Strong=5002 8 דָּוִ֣ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.David|Ref=2SA_23:1!6|MId=o100230010061|Strong=1732 9 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=2SA_23:1!7|MId=o100230010071|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 10 יִשַׁ֗י יִשַׁי PROPN _ _ 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jesse|Ref=2SA_23:1!8|MId=o100230010081|Strong=3448 11-12 וּנְאֻ֤ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_23:1!9|MId=o100230010091|Strong=2050b 12 נְאֻ֤ם נְאֻם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 conj _ Gloss=the.utterance|Ref=2SA_23:1!9|MId=o100230010092|Strong=5002 13-14 הַגֶּ֙בֶר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=2SA_23:1!10|MId=o100230010101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 גֶּ֙בֶר֙ גֶּבֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.man|Ref=2SA_23:1!10|MId=o100230010102|Strong=1397 15 הֻ֣קַם קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HOPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 14 acl _ Gloss=[who].he.was.raised.up|Ref=2SA_23:1!11|MId=o100230010111|Strong=6965|Frame=A1:100230010102;|Type=qatal 16 עָ֔ל עַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=height|Ref=2SA_23:1!12|MId=o100230010121|Strong=5920 17 מְשִׁ֙יחַ֙ מָשִׁיחַ ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 appos _ Gloss=the.[one].anointed|Ref=2SA_23:1!13|MId=o100230010131|Strong=4899 18 אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.God|Ref=2SA_23:1!14|MId=o100230010141|Strong=0430 19 יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב יַעֲקֹב PROPN _ _ 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jacob|Ref=2SA_23:1!15|MId=o100230010151|Strong=3290 20-21 וּנְעִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_23:1!16|MId=o100230010161|Strong=2050b 21 נְעִ֖ים נָעִים ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 conj _ Gloss=the.pleasant.[one]|Ref=2SA_23:1!16|MId=o100230010162|Strong=5273|Type=adjective 22 זְמִר֥וֹת זָמִיר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.songs|Ref=2SA_23:1!17|MId=o100230010171|Strong=2158 23 יִשְׂרָאֵֽל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=2SA_23:1!18|MId=o100230010181|Strong=3478|SpaceAfter=No 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=2SA_23:1!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הֻקַם *\[who\] he was raised up* | qatal · hophal | | גֶּבֶר *the man* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאִילֵין פִּתְגָמֵי נְבוּאַת דָוִד דְאִתְנַבִּי לְסוֹף עַלְמָא לְיוֹסֵי נֶחֱמְתָא דַעֲתִידִין לְמֵיתֵי אֲמַר דָוִד בַּר יִשַׁי וַאֲמַר גַבְרָא דִמְרַבָּא לְמַלְכּוּ מְשִׁיחָא בְּמֵימָר אֱלָהֵיהּ דְיַעֲקֹב וְתַקִין לְמִימְנֵי בְּחֵיךְ מְבוֹסַם תּוּשְׁבַּחְתֵּיהּ דְיִשְׂרָאֵל: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now these are the last words of David: The saying of David the son of Jesse, and the saying of the man raised on high, the anointed of the God of Jacob, and the sweet singer of Israel:](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.711/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:631`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 22:51](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.22.51/) - next →: [2 Samuel 23:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.23.2/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/23/)