--- title: 2 Samuel 23:11 — And after him was Shammah the son of Age the Ararite. And the Philis… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And after him was Shammah the son of Age the Ararite. And the Philistines were gathered together into a troop, where was a plot of ground full of lentils; and the people fled from the Philistines. Who acts: people. 2 Samuel 23:11 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.23.11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/23/) / 23:11 # 2 Samuel 23:11 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** people · **What happens:** be, gather, flee · **To what, where:** Shammah, Philistines, plot This is 2 Samuel 23:11 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people — and what happens in the verse to Shammah, Philistines, plot, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְאַחֲרָ֛יו שַׁמָּ֥א בֶן־אָגֵ֖א הָרָרִ֑י וַיֵּאָסְפ֨וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֜ים לַחַיָּ֗ה וַתְּהִי־שָׁ֞ם חֶלְקַ֤ת הַשָּׂדֶה֙ מְלֵאָ֣ה עֲדָשִׁ֔ים וְהָעָ֥ם נָ֖ס מִפְּנֵ֥י פְלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ [And after him was Shammah the son of Age the Ararite.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.721/) [And the Philistines were gathered together into a troop, where was a plot of ground full of lentils; and the people fled from the Philistines.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.722/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:641 # text = וְאַחֲרָ֛יו שַׁמָּ֥א בֶן־אָגֵ֖א הָרָרִ֑י וַיֵּאָסְפ֨וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֜ים לַחַיָּ֗ה וַתְּהִי־שָׁ֞ם חֶלְקַ֤ת הַשָּׂדֶה֙ מְלֵאָ֣ה עֲדָשִׁ֔ים וְהָעָ֥ם נָ֖ס מִפְּנֵ֥י פְלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ # verse = 2SA.23.11 1-3 וְאַחֲרָ֛יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and.[was]|Ref=2SA_23:11!1|MId=o100230110011|Strong=2050b 2 אַחֲרָ֛י אַחַר ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=2SA_23:11!1|MId=o100230110012|Strong=0310 3 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 0 root _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_23:11!1|MId=o100230110013|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 4 שַׁמָּ֥א שַׁמָּא PROPN _ _ 3 nsubj _ Gloss=Shamma|Ref=2SA_23:11!2|MId=o100230110021|Strong=8037 5 בֶן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=2SA_23:11!3|MId=o100230110031|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 6 אָגֵ֖א אָגֵא PROPN _ _ 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Agee|Ref=2SA_23:11!4|MId=o100230110041|Strong=0089 7 הָרָרִ֑י הֲרָרִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 appos _ Gloss=[the].Hararite|Ref=2SA_23:11!5|MId=o100230110051|Strong=2043|Type=gentilic 8-9 וַיֵּאָסְפ֨וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_23:11!6|MId=o100230110061|Strong=2050b 9 יֵּאָסְפ֨וּ אָסַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=they.were.gathered|Ref=2SA_23:11!6|MId=o100230110062|Strong=0622|Frame=A1:100230110071;|Type=wayyiqtol 10 פְלִשְׁתִּ֜ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].Philistines|Ref=2SA_23:11!7|MId=o100230110071|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 11-13 לַחַיָּ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_23:11!8|MId=o100230110081|Strong=3807a 12 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_23:11!8|MId=o100230110081ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 חַיָּ֗ה חַיָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=community|Ref=2SA_23:11!8|MId=o100230110082|Strong=2416e 14-15 וַתְּהִי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_23:11!9|MId=o100230110091|Strong=2050b 15 תְּהִי־ הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=2SA_23:11!9|MId=o100230110092|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:100230110111;|Type=wayyiqtol 16 שָׁ֞ם שָׁם ADV _ _ 15 advmod _ Gloss=there|Ref=2SA_23:11!10|MId=o100230110101|Strong=8033 17 חֶלְקַ֤ת חֶלְקָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ Gloss=the.portion|Ref=2SA_23:11!11|MId=o100230110111|Strong=2513 18-19 הַשָּׂדֶה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=2SA_23:11!12|MId=o100230110121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 שָּׂדֶה֙ שָׂדֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.field|Ref=2SA_23:11!12|MId=o100230110122|Strong=7704 20 מְלֵאָ֣ה מלא ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 amod _ Gloss=full|Ref=2SA_23:11!13|MId=o100230110131|Strong=4392|Type=adjective 21 עֲדָשִׁ֔ים עֲדָשָׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=lentils|Ref=2SA_23:11!14|MId=o100230110141|Strong=5742 22-24 וְהָעָ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_23:11!15|MId=o100230110151|Strong=2050b 23 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_23:11!15|MId=o100230110152|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 עָ֥ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ Gloss=people|Ref=2SA_23:11!15|MId=o100230110153|Strong=5971 25 נָ֖ס נוּס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=it.fled|Ref=2SA_23:11!16|MId=o100230110161|Strong=5127|Frame=A0:100230110153;|Type=qatal 26-27 מִפְּנֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2SA_23:11!17|MId=o100230110171|Strong=4480 27 פְּנֵ֥י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 25 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=2SA_23:11!17|MId=o100230110172|Strong=6440 28 פְלִשְׁתִּֽים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 27 compound:smixut _ Gloss=[the].Philistines|Ref=2SA_23:11!18|MId=o100230110181|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic|SpaceAfter=No 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=2SA_23:11!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֵּאָסְפוּ *they were gathered* | wayyiqtol · niphal | | פְלִשְׁתִּים *\[the\] Philistines* | | | | תְּהִי־ *it was* | wayyiqtol · qal | חֶלְקַת *the portion* | | | | | נָס *it fled* | qatal · qal | עָם *people* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּבַתְרוֹהִי שַׁמָה בַר אָגֵא דְמִן הָרָר טוּרָאָה וְאִתְכְּנִישׁוּ פְלִשְׁתָּאֵי לְחַיָתָא וַהֲוַת תַּמָן אַחֲסָנַת חַקְלָא מַלְיָא טְלוֹפְחִין וְעַמָא אַפֵּךְ מִן קֳדָם פְּלִשְׁתָּאֵי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And after him was Shammah the son of Age the Ararite.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.721/) 2. [And the Philistines were gathered together into a troop, where was a plot of ground full of lentils; and the people fled from the Philistines.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.722/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:641`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 23:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.23.10/) - next →: [2 Samuel 23:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.23.12/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/23/)