--- title: 2 Samuel 23:16 — And the three mighty men broke through the host of the Philistines,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the three mighty men broke through the host of the Philistines, and drew water out of the well of Beth-lehem, that was by the gate, and took it, and brought it to David; but he would not drink thereof, but poured it out unto the LORD. Who acts: three mighty men, Beth lehem, David. 2 Samuel 23:16 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.23.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/23/) / 23:16 # 2 Samuel 23:16 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** three mighty men, Beth lehem, David · **What happens:** break, draw, be, take, bring, not drink · **To what, where:** host, water, well, David This is 2 Samuel 23:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — three mighty men, Beth lehem, David — and what happens in the verse to host, water, well, David, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּבְקְעוּ֩ שְׁלֹ֨שֶׁת הַגִּבֹּרִ֜ים בְּמַחֲנֵ֣ה פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וַיִּֽשְׁאֲבוּ־מַ֙יִם֙ מִבֹּ֤אר בֵּֽית־לֶ֙חֶם֙בֵּֽית־לֶ֙חֶם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּשַּׁ֔עַר וַיִּשְׂא֖וּ וַיָּבִ֣אוּ אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד וְלֹ֤א אָבָה֙ לִשְׁתּוֹתָ֔ם וַיַּסֵּ֥ךְ אֹתָ֖ם לַֽיהוָֽה׃ [And the three mighty men broke through the host of the Philistines, and drew water out of the well of Beth-lehem, that was by the gate, and took it, and brought it to David; but he would not drink thereof, but poured it out unto the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.727/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:646 # text = וַיִּבְקְעוּ֩ שְׁלֹ֨שֶׁת הַגִּבֹּרִ֜ים בְּמַחֲנֵ֣ה פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וַיִּֽשְׁאֲבוּ־מַ֙יִם֙ מִבֹּ֤אר בֵּֽית־לֶ֙חֶם֙בֵּֽית־לֶ֙חֶם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּשַּׁ֔עַר וַיִּשְׂא֖וּ וַיָּבִ֣אוּ אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד וְלֹ֤א אָבָה֙ לִשְׁתּוֹתָ֔ם וַיַּסֵּ֥ךְ אֹתָ֖ם לַֽיהוָֽה׃ # verse = 2SA.23.16 1-2 וַיִּבְקְעוּ֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_23:16!1|MId=o100230160011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּבְקְעוּ֩ בָּקַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.broke.through|Ref=2SA_23:16!1|MId=o100230160012|Strong=1234|Frame=A0:100230160032;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 שְׁלֹ֨שֶׁת שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nummod _ Gloss=the.three|Ref=2SA_23:16!2|MId=o100230160021|Strong=7969|Type=cardinal_number 4-5 הַגִּבֹּרִ֜ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_23:16!3|MId=o100230160031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 גִּבֹּרִ֜ים גִּבּוֹר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=warriors|Ref=2SA_23:16!3|MId=o100230160032|Strong=1368|Type=adjective 6-7 בְּמַחֲנֵ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_23:16!4|MId=o100230160041|Strong=0871a 7 מַחֲנֵ֣ה מַחֲנֶה NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=the.camp|Ref=2SA_23:16!4|MId=o100230160042|Strong=4264 8 פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].Philistines|Ref=2SA_23:16!5|MId=o100230160051|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 9-10 וַיִּֽשְׁאֲבוּ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_23:16!6|MId=o100230160061|Strong=2050b 10 יִּֽשְׁאֲבוּ־ שָׁאַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.drew|Ref=2SA_23:16!6|MId=o100230160062|Strong=7579|Frame=A0:100230160032;A1:100230160071;|Type=wayyiqtol 11 מַ֙יִם֙ מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 obj _ Gloss=water|Ref=2SA_23:16!7|MId=o100230160071|Strong=4325 12-13 מִבֹּ֤אר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2SA_23:16!8|MId=o100230160081|Strong=4480 13 בֹּ֤אר בֹּור NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=the.well|Ref=2SA_23:16!8|MId=o100230160082|Strong=0953 14-15 בֵּֽית־לֶ֙חֶם֙בֵּֽית־לֶ֙חֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בֵּֽית־לֶ֙חֶם֙ בֵּית־לֶחֶם PROPN _ _ 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=2SA_23:16!9|MId=o100230160091 15 בֵּֽית־לֶ֙חֶם֙ בֵּית־לֶחֶם PROPN _ _ 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Bethlehem|Ref=2SA_23:16!10|MId=o100230160101 16 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=2SA_23:16!11|MId=o100230160111|Strong=0834|Type=relative 17-19 בַּשַּׁ֔עַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=[was].at|Ref=2SA_23:16!12|MId=o100230160121|Strong=0871a 18 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_23:16!12|MId=o100230160121ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 שַּׁ֔עַר שַׁעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 acl:relcl _ Gloss=gate|Ref=2SA_23:16!12|MId=o100230160122|Strong=8179 20-21 וַיִּשְׂא֖וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_23:16!13|MId=o100230160131|Strong=2050b 21 יִּשְׂא֖וּ נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.carried.[them]|Ref=2SA_23:16!13|MId=o100230160132|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:100230160032;A1:100230160071;|Type=wayyiqtol 22-23 וַיָּבִ֣אוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_23:16!14|MId=o100230160141|Strong=2050b 23 יָּבִ֣אוּ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.brought.[them]|Ref=2SA_23:16!14|MId=o100230160142|Strong=0935|Frame=AA:100230160032;A0:100230160071;|Type=wayyiqtol 24 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_23:16!15|MId=o100230160151|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 25 דָּוִ֑ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 23 obl _ Gloss=David|Ref=2SA_23:16!16|MId=o100230160161|Strong=1732 26-27 וְלֹ֤א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_23:16!17|MId=o100230160171|Strong=2050b 27 לֹ֤א לֹא ADV _ _ 28 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=2SA_23:16!17|MId=o100230160172|Strong=3808|Type=negative 28 אָבָה֙ אָבָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.was.willing|Ref=2SA_23:16!18|MId=o100230160181|Strong=0014|Frame=A0:100230160151;|Type=qatal 29-31 לִשְׁתּוֹתָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_23:16!19|MId=o100230160191|Strong=3807a 30 שְׁתּוֹת שָׁתָה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 28 xcomp _ Gloss=drink|Ref=2SA_23:16!19|MId=o100230160192|Strong=8354|Frame=A0:100230160151;A1:100230160183;|Type=infinitive_construct 31 ָ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=2SA_23:16!19|MId=o100230160193|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 32-33 וַיַּסֵּ֥ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_23:16!20|MId=o100230160201|Strong=2050b 33 יַּסֵּ֥ךְ נָסַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.poured.out|Ref=2SA_23:16!20|MId=o100230160202|Strong=5258|Frame=AA:100230160151;A0:100230160202;|Type=wayyiqtol 34-35 אֹתָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=|Ref=2SA_23:16!21|MId=o100230160211|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 35 ָ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=2SA_23:16!21|MId=o100230160212|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 36-37 לַֽיהוָֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 לַֽ לְ ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_23:16!22|MId=o100230160221|Strong=3807a 37 יהוָֽה יהוה PROPN _ _ 33 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=2SA_23:16!22|MId=o100230160222|Strong=3068 38 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 37 punct _ Ref=2SA_23:16!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּבְקְעוּ *they broke through* | wayyiqtol · qal | גִּבֹּרִים *warriors* | | | | | יִּֽשְׁאֲבוּ־ *they drew* | wayyiqtol · qal | גִּבֹּרִים *warriors* | מַיִם *water* | | | | יִּשְׂאוּ *they carried \[them\]* | wayyiqtol · qal | גִּבֹּרִים *warriors* | מַיִם *water* | | | | יָּבִאוּ *they brought \[them\]* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | מַיִם *water* | | | גִּבֹּרִים *warriors* | | **not** אָבָה *he was willing* | qatal · qal | אֶל־ *to* | | | | | שְׁתּוֹת *drink* | infinitive construct · qal | אֶל־ *to* | | | | | יַּסֵּךְ *he poured out* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | יַּסֵּךְ *he poured out* | | | אֶל־ *to* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּבְזָעוּ תְלָתָא גִבָּרַיָא בְּמַשִׁרְיַת פְּלִשְׁתָּאֵי וּמְלוֹ מַיָא מִגוֹבָא דְבֵית לֶחֶם דִבְתַרְעָא וּנְסִיבוּ וְאַיְתִיאוּ לְוַת דָוִד וְלָא אֲבָא לְמִשְׁתֵּיהוֹן וַאֲמַר לְנַסָכָא יַתְהוֹן קֳדָם יְיָ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the three mighty men broke through the host of the Philistines, and drew water out of the well of Beth-lehem, that was by the gate, and took it, and brought it to David; but he would not drink thereof, but poured it out unto the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.727/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:646`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 23:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.23.15/) - next →: [2 Samuel 23:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.23.17/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/23/)