--- title: 2 Samuel 23:18 — And Abishai, the brother of Joab, the son of Zeruiah, was chief of t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Abishai, the brother of Joab, the son of Zeruiah, was chief of the three. And he lifted up his spear against three hundred and slew them, and had a name among the three. Who acts: Abishai. 2 Samuel 23:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every cl --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.23.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/23/) / 23:18 # 2 Samuel 23:18 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** Abishai · **What happens:** be, lift up, slay, have · **To what, where:** chief, spear, three hundred, things, name This is 2 Samuel 23:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Abishai — and what happens in the verse to chief, spear, three hundred, things, name, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַאֲבִישַׁ֞י אֲחִ֣י ׀ יוֹאָ֣ב בֶּן־צְרוּיָ֗ה ה֚וּא רֹ֣אשׁ הַשְּׁלֹשָׁ֔ה וְהוּא֙ עוֹרֵ֣ר אֶת־חֲנִית֔וֹ עַל־שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת חָלָ֑ל וְלוֹ־שֵׁ֖ם בַּשְּׁלֹשָֽׁה׃ [And Abishai, the brother of Joab, the son of Zeruiah, was chief of the three.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.730/) [And he lifted up his spear against three hundred and slew them, and had a name among the three.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.731/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:648 # text = וַאֲבִישַׁ֞י אֲחִ֣י ׀ יוֹאָ֣ב בֶּן־צְרוּיָ֗ה ה֚וּא רֹ֣אשׁ הַשְּׁלֹשָׁ֔ה וְהוּא֙ עוֹרֵ֣ר אֶת־חֲנִית֔וֹ עַל־שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת חָלָ֑ל וְלוֹ־שֵׁ֖ם בַּשְּׁלֹשָֽׁה׃ # verse = 2SA.23.18 1-2 וַאֲבִישַׁ֞י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_23:18!1|MId=o100230180011|Strong=2050b 2 אֲבִישַׁ֞י אֲבִישַׁי PROPN _ _ 9 dislocated _ Gloss=Abishai|Ref=2SA_23:18!1|MId=o100230180012|Strong=0052 3 אֲחִ֣י אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 appos _ Gloss=the.brother|Ref=2SA_23:18!2|MId=o100230180021|Strong=0251 4 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 3 punct _ Ref=2SA_23:18!2 5 יוֹאָ֣ב יוֹאָב PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Joab|Ref=2SA_23:18!3|MId=o100230180031|Strong=3097 6 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=2SA_23:18!4|MId=o100230180041|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 7 צְרוּיָ֗ה צְרוּיָה PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Zeruiah|Ref=2SA_23:18!5|MId=o100230180051|Strong=6870 8 ה֚וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=2SA_23:18!6|MId=o100230180061|Strong=1931|Type=personal 9 רֹ֣אשׁ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[was].the.chief|Ref=2SA_23:18!7|MId=o100230180071|Strong=7218 10-11 הַשְּׁלֹשָׁ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=2SA_23:18!9|MId=o100230180091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 שְּׁלֹשָׁ֔ה שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.three|Ref=2SA_23:18!9|MId=o100230180092|Strong=7969|Type=cardinal_number 12-13 וְהוּא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_23:18!10|MId=o100230180101|Strong=2050b 13 הוּא֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=2SA_23:18!10|MId=o100230180102|Strong=1931|Type=personal 14 עוֹרֵ֣ר עוּר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=POLEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 9 conj _ Gloss=he.wielded|Ref=2SA_23:18!11|MId=o100230180111|Strong=5782|Frame=A0:100230180102;A1:100230180131;|Type=qatal 15 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_23:18!12|MId=o100230180121|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 16-17 חֲנִית֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 חֲנִית חֲנִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 obj _ Gloss=spear|Ref=2SA_23:18!13|MId=o100230180131|Strong=2595 17 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_23:18!13|MId=o100230180132|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2SA_23:18!14|MId=o100230180141|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 19 שְׁלֹ֥שׁ שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 21 nummod _ Gloss=three|Ref=2SA_23:18!15|MId=o100230180151|Strong=7969|Type=cardinal_number 20 מֵא֖וֹת מֵאָה NUM _ Number=Plur 19 flat _ Gloss=hundred(s)|Ref=2SA_23:18!16|MId=o100230180161|Strong=3967|Type=cardinal_number 21 חָלָ֑ל חָלָל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=slain|Ref=2SA_23:18!17|MId=o100230180171|Strong=2491|Type=adjective 22-24 וְלוֹ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and.[belonged]|Ref=2SA_23:18!18|MId=o100230180181|Strong=2050b 23 ל לְ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_23:18!18|MId=o100230180182|Strong=3807a 24 וֹ־ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_23:18!18|MId=o100230180183|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 25 שֵׁ֖ם שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ Gloss=a.name|Ref=2SA_23:18!19|MId=o100230180191|Strong=8034 26-28 בַּשְּׁלֹשָֽׁה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=among|Ref=2SA_23:18!20|MId=o100230180201|Strong=0871a 27 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_23:18!20|MId=o100230180201ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 שְּׁלֹשָֽׁה שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 conj _ Gloss=three|Ref=2SA_23:18!20|MId=o100230180202|Strong=7969|Type=cardinal_number 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=2SA_23:18!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עוֹרֵר *he wielded* | qatal · polel | הוּא *he* | חֲנִית *spear* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲבִישַׁי אֲחוּהִי דְיוֹאָב בַּר צְרוּיָה הוּא רֵישׁ גִבָּרַיָא וְהוּא תַבֵּיב יַת מוּרְנִיתֵיהּ עַל תְּלַת מְאָה קְטִילִין וְלֵיהּ שׁוּם בִּתְלָתָא גִבָּרַיָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Abishai, the brother of Joab, the son of Zeruiah, was chief of the three.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.730/) 2. [And he lifted up his spear against three hundred and slew them, and had a name among the three.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.731/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:648`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 23:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.23.17/) - next →: [2 Samuel 23:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.23.19/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/23/)