--- title: 2 Samuel 23:20 — And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man of Kabzeel… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man of Kabzeel, who had done mighty deeds, he smote the two altar-hearths of Moab; he went down also and slew a lion in the midst of a pit in time of snow; Who acts: valiant man, Benaiah. 2 Samuel 23:20 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.23.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/23/) / 23:20 # 2 Samuel 23:20 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** valiant man, Benaiah · **What happens:** do, smite, go down, slay · **To what, where:** mighty deeds, two altar hearths, lion, midst This is 2 Samuel 23:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — valiant man, Benaiah — and what happens in the verse to mighty deeds, two altar hearths, lion, midst, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּבְנָיָ֨הוּ בֶן־יְהוֹיָדָ֧ע בֶּן־אִֽישׁ־חַ֛יִל רַב־פְּעָלִ֖ים מִֽקַּבְצְאֵ֑ל ה֣וּא הִכָּ֗ה אֵ֣ת שְׁנֵ֤י אֲרִאֵל֙ מוֹאָ֔ב וְ֠הוּא יָרַ֞ד וְהִכָּ֧ה אֶֽת־הָאֲרִ֛י בְּת֥וֹךְ הַבֹּ֖אר בְּי֥וֹם הַשָּֽׁלֶג׃ [And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man of Kabzeel, who had done mighty deeds, he smote the two altar-hearths of Moab; he went down also and slew a lion in the midst of a pit in time of snow;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.733/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:650 # text = וּבְנָיָ֨הוּ בֶן־יְהוֹיָדָ֧ע בֶּן־אִֽישׁ־חַ֛יִל רַב־פְּעָלִ֖ים מִֽקַּבְצְאֵ֑ל ה֣וּא הִכָּ֗ה אֵ֣ת שְׁנֵ֤י אֲרִאֵל֙ מוֹאָ֔ב וְ֠הוּא יָרַ֞ד וְהִכָּ֧ה אֶֽת־הָאֲרִ֛י בְּת֥וֹךְ הַבֹּ֖אר בְּי֥וֹם הַשָּֽׁלֶג׃ # verse = 2SA.23.20 1-2 וּבְנָיָ֨הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_23:20!1|MId=o100230200011|Strong=2050b 2 בְנָיָ֨הוּ בְּנָיָהוּ PROPN _ _ 13 dislocated _ Gloss=Benaiah|Ref=2SA_23:20!1|MId=o100230200012|Strong=1141a 3 בֶן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=2SA_23:20!2|MId=o100230200021|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 4 יְהוֹיָדָ֧ע יְהוֹיָדָע PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jehoiada|Ref=2SA_23:20!3|MId=o100230200031|Strong=3077 5 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 appos _ Gloss=[was].a.son|Ref=2SA_23:20!4|MId=o100230200041|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 6 אִֽישׁ־ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.a.man|Ref=2SA_23:20!5|MId=o100230200051|Strong=0376|SpaceAfter=No 7 חַ֛יִל חַיִל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.strength|Ref=2SA_23:20!7|MId=o100230200071|Strong=2428 8 רַב־ רַב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 appos _ Gloss=great|Ref=2SA_23:20!8|MId=o100230200081|Strong=7227|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 9 פְּעָלִ֖ים פֹּעַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.deeds|Ref=2SA_23:20!9|MId=o100230200091|Strong=6467 10-11 מִֽקַּבְצְאֵ֑ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 מִֽ מִן ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2SA_23:20!10|MId=o100230200101|Strong=4480 11 קַּבְצְאֵ֑ל קַבְצְאֵל PROPN _ _ 2 nmod _ Gloss=Kabzeel|Ref=2SA_23:20!10|MId=o100230200102|Strong=6909 12 ה֣וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=2SA_23:20!11|MId=o100230200111|Strong=1931|Type=personal 13 הִכָּ֗ה נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.struck.down|Ref=2SA_23:20!12|MId=o100230200121|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:100230200111;A0:100230200151;|Type=qatal 14 אֵ֣ת אֵת ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_23:20!13|MId=o100230200131|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 15 שְׁנֵ֤י שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 16 nummod _ Gloss=the.two|Ref=2SA_23:20!14|MId=o100230200141|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 16 אֲרִאֵל֙ אֲרִיאֵל PROPN _ _ 13 obj _ Gloss=the.warrior[s]|Ref=2SA_23:20!15|MId=o100230200151|Strong=0739 17 מוֹאָ֔ב מוֹאָב PROPN _ _ 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Moab|Ref=2SA_23:20!16|MId=o100230200161|Strong=4124 18-19 וְ֠הוּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_23:20!17|MId=o100230200171|Strong=2050b 19 הוּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=2SA_23:20!17|MId=o100230200172|Strong=1931|Type=personal 20 יָרַ֞ד יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 13 conj _ Gloss=he.went.down|Ref=2SA_23:20!18|MId=o100230200181|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:100230200172;|Type=qatal 21-22 וְהִכָּ֧ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_23:20!19|MId=o100230200191|Strong=2050b 22 הִכָּ֧ה נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 13 conj _ Gloss=he.struck.down|Ref=2SA_23:20!19|MId=o100230200192|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:100230200012;A0:100230200222;|Type=qatal 23 אֶֽת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_23:20!20|MId=o100230200201|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 24-25 הָאֲרִ֛י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_23:20!22|MId=o100230200221|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 אֲרִ֛י אֲרִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obj _ Gloss=lion|Ref=2SA_23:20!22|MId=o100230200222|Strong=0738 26-27 בְּת֥וֹךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_23:20!23|MId=o100230200231|Strong=0871a 27 ת֥וֹךְ תָּוֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=the.midst|Ref=2SA_23:20!23|MId=o100230200232|Strong=8432 28-29 הַבֹּ֖אר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=2SA_23:20!24|MId=o100230200241|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 בֹּ֖אר בּוֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.pit|Ref=2SA_23:20!24|MId=o100230200242|Strong=0953 30-31 בְּי֥וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2SA_23:20!25|MId=o100230200251|Strong=0871a 31 י֥וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=the.day|Ref=2SA_23:20!25|MId=o100230200252|Strong=3117 32-33 הַשָּֽׁלֶג _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 33 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=2SA_23:20!26|MId=o100230200261|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 33 שָּֽׁלֶג שֶׁלֶג NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.snow|Ref=2SA_23:20!26|MId=o100230200262|Strong=7950 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=2SA_23:20!26 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הִכָּה *he struck down* | qatal · hiphil | אֲרִאֵל *the warrior\[s\]* | | | הוּא *he* | | יָרַד *he went down* | qatal · qal | הוּא *he* | | | | | הִכָּה *he struck down* | qatal · hiphil | אֲרִי *lion* | | | בְנָיָהוּ *Benaiah* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּבְנָיָהוּ בַר יְהוֹיָדָע בַּר גְבַר דָחֵיל חֶטְאִין דִילֵיהּ עוֹבָדִין מִקַבְּצְאֵל הוּא קְטַל יַת תְּרֵין רַבְרְבֵי מוֹאָב וְהוּא נְחַת וּקְטַל יַת אַרְיָא בְּגוֹ גוֹבָא בְּיוֹמָא דְתַלְגָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man of Kabzeel, who had done mighty deeds, he smote the two altar-hearths of Moab; he went down also and slew a lion in the midst of a pit in time of snow;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.733/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:650`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 23:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.23.19/) - next →: [2 Samuel 23:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.23.21/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/23/)