--- title: 2 Samuel 23:3 — The God of Israel said, The Rock of Israel spoke to me: 'Ruler over… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: The God of Israel said, The Rock of Israel spoke to me: 'Ruler over men shall be the righteous, even he that ruleth in the fear of God, Who acts: God, Rock, Ruler. 2 Samuel 23:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.23.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/23/) / 23:3 # 2 Samuel 23:3 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** God, Rock, Ruler · **What happens:** say, speak, be, rule, fear · **To what, where:** me, righteous, fear, God · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 23:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — God, Rock, Ruler — and what happens in the verse to me, righteous, fear, God, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אָמַר֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לִ֥י דִבֶּ֖ר צ֣וּר יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מוֹשֵׁל֙ בָּאָדָ֔ם צַדִּ֕יק מוֹשֵׁ֖ל יִרְאַ֥ת אֱלֹהִֽים׃ [The God of Israel said, The Rock of Israel spoke to me: 'Ruler over men shall be the righteous, even he that ruleth in the fear of God,](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.713/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:633 # text = אָמַר֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לִ֥י דִבֶּ֖ר צ֣וּר יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מוֹשֵׁל֙ בָּאָדָ֔ם צַדִּ֕יק מוֹשֵׁ֖ל יִרְאַ֥ת אֱלֹהִֽים׃ # verse = 2SA.23.3 1 אָמַר֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2SA_23:3!1|MId=o100230030011|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100230030021;|Type=qatal 2 אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 1 nsubj _ Gloss=the.God|Ref=2SA_23:3!2|MId=o100230030021|Strong=0430 3 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=2SA_23:3!3|MId=o100230030031|Strong=3478 4-5 לִ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 ל לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_23:3!4|MId=o100230030041|Strong=3807a 5 ִ֥י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 6 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=2SA_23:3!4|MId=o100230030042|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 6 דִבֶּ֖ר דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 ccomp _ Gloss=he.spoke|Ref=2SA_23:3!5|MId=o100230030051|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:100230030061;|Type=qatal 7 צ֣וּר צוּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ Gloss=the.rock|Ref=2SA_23:3!6|MId=o100230030061|Strong=6697 8 יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=2SA_23:3!7|MId=o100230030071|Strong=3478 9 מוֹשֵׁל֙ מָשַׁל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 6 ccomp _ Gloss=[one.who].rules|Ref=2SA_23:3!8|MId=o100230030081|Strong=4910|Type=participle_active 10-12 בָּאָדָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=2SA_23:3!9|MId=o100230030091|Strong=0871a 11 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2SA_23:3!9|MId=o100230030091ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 אָדָ֔ם אָדָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=humankind|Ref=2SA_23:3!9|MId=o100230030092|Strong=0120 13 צַדִּ֕יק צַדִּיק ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 advmod _ Gloss=righteous|Ref=2SA_23:3!10|MId=o100230030101|Strong=6662|Type=adjective 14 מוֹשֵׁ֖ל מָשַׁל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 9 appos _ Gloss=[one.who].rules|Ref=2SA_23:3!11|MId=o100230030111|Strong=4910|Type=participle_active 15 יִרְאַ֥ת יִרְאָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=the.fear|Ref=2SA_23:3!12|MId=o100230030121|Strong=3374 16 אֱלֹהִֽים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.God|Ref=2SA_23:3!13|MId=o100230030131|Strong=0430|SpaceAfter=No 17 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 16 punct _ Ref=2SA_23:3!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָמַר *he said* | qatal · qal | אֱלֹהֵי *the God* | | | | | דִבֶּר *he spoke* | qatal · piel | צוּר *the rock* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אֲמַר דָוִד אֱלָהָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל עֲלַי מַלֵיל תַּקִיפָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל דְשַׁלִיט בִּבְנֵי אֱנָשָׁא קוּשְׁטָא דָאִין אֲמַר לְמַנָאָה לִי מַלְכָּא דְהוּא מְשִׁיחָא דַעֲתִיד דִיקוּם וְיִשְׁלוֹט בִּדְחַלְתָּא דַיָי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [The God of Israel said, The Rock of Israel spoke to me: 'Ruler over men shall be the righteous, even he that ruleth in the fear of God,](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.713/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:633`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 23:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.23.2/) - next →: [2 Samuel 23:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.23.4/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/23/)