--- title: 2 Samuel 24:13 — So Gad came to David, and told him, and said unto him: 'Shall seven… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: So Gad came to David, and told him, and said unto him: 'Shall seven years of famine come unto thee in thy land? or wilt thou flee three months before thy foes while they pursue thee? or shall there be three days' pestilence in thy land? now advise thee, and consider what answer I shall return to Him --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.24.13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/24/) / 24:13 # 2 Samuel 24:13 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** Gad, seven years, thou, foes, pestilence, I · **What happens:** come, tell, say, flee, pursue, be · **To what, where:** David, land, thee, answer, Me · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 24:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Gad, seven years, thou, foes, pestilence, I — and what happens in the verse to David, land, thee, answer, Me, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּבֹא־גָ֥ד אֶל־דָּוִ֖ד וַיַּגֶּד־ל֑וֹ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֡וֹ הֲתָב֣וֹא לְךָ֣ שֶֽׁבַע שָׁנִ֣ים ׀ רָעָ֣ב ׀ בְּאַרְצֶ֡ךָ אִם־שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה חֳ֠דָשִׁים נֻסְךָ֨לִפְנֵֽי־צָרֶ֜יךָ וְה֣וּא רֹדְפֶ֗ךָ וְאִם־הֱ֠יוֹת שְׁלֹ֨שֶׁת יָמִ֥ים דֶּ֙בֶר֙ בְּאַרְצֶ֔ךָ עַתָּה֙ דַּ֣ע וּרְאֵ֔ה מָה־אָשִׁ֥יב שֹׁלְחִ֖י דָּבָֽר׃ס [So Gad came to David, and told him, and said unto him: 'Shall seven years of famine come unto thee in thy land? or wilt thou flee three months before thy foes while they pursue thee? or shall there be three days' pestilence in thy land? now advise thee, and consider what answer I shall return to Him that sent Me.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.769/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:682 # text = וַיָּבֹא־גָ֥ד אֶל־דָּוִ֖ד וַיַּגֶּד־ל֑וֹ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֡וֹ הֲתָב֣וֹא לְךָ֣ שֶֽׁבַע שָׁנִ֣ים ׀ רָעָ֣ב ׀ בְּאַרְצֶ֡ךָ אִם־שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה חֳ֠דָשִׁים נֻסְךָ֨לִפְנֵֽי־צָרֶ֜יךָ וְה֣וּא רֹדְפֶ֗ךָ וְאִם־הֱ֠יוֹת שְׁלֹ֨שֶׁת יָמִ֥ים דֶּ֙בֶר֙ בְּאַרְצֶ֔ךָ עַתָּה֙ דַּ֣ע וּרְאֵ֔ה מָה־אָשִׁ֥יב שֹׁלְחִ֖י דָּבָֽר׃ס # verse = 2SA.24.13 1-2 וַיָּבֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_24:13!1|MId=o100240130011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּבֹא־ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.went|Ref=2SA_24:13!1|MId=o100240130012|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:100240130021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 גָ֥ד גָּד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Gad|Ref=2SA_24:13!2|MId=o100240130021|Strong=1410 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_24:13!3|MId=o100240130031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5 דָּוִ֖ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=David|Ref=2SA_24:13!4|MId=o100240130041|Strong=1732 6-7 וַיַּגֶּד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_24:13!5|MId=o100240130051|Strong=2050b 7 יַּגֶּד־ נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.told|Ref=2SA_24:13!5|MId=o100240130052|Strong=5046|Frame=A0:100240130021;|Type=wayyiqtol 8-9 ל֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 ל לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_24:13!6|MId=o100240130061|Strong=3807a 9 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_24:13!6|MId=o100240130062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 10-11 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_24:13!7|MId=o100240130071|Strong=2050b 11 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2SA_24:13!7|MId=o100240130072|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100240130021;|Type=wayyiqtol 12-13 ל֡וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 ל לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_24:13!8|MId=o100240130081|Strong=3807a 13 ֡וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_24:13!8|MId=o100240130082|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 14-15 הֲתָב֣וֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 15 advmod _ Gloss=will|Ref=2SA_24:13!9|MId=o100240130091|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 15 תָב֣וֹא בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 ccomp _ Gloss=it.come?|Ref=2SA_24:13!9|MId=o100240130092|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:100240130131;|Type=yiqtol 16-17 לְךָ֣ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 ל לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_24:13!10|MId=o100240130101|Strong=3807a 17 ְךָ֣ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 15 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=2SA_24:13!10|MId=o100240130102|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 18 שֶֽׁבַע שֶׁבַע NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 nummod _ Gloss=seven|Ref=2SA_24:13!11|MId=o100240130111|Strong=7651|Type=cardinal_number 19 שָׁנִ֣ים שָׁנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 15 obl _ Gloss=years|Ref=2SA_24:13!12|MId=o100240130121|Strong=8141 20 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 19 punct _ Ref=2SA_24:13!12 21 רָעָ֣ב רָעָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ Gloss=famine|Ref=2SA_24:13!13|MId=o100240130131|Strong=7458 22 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=2SA_24:13!13 23-25 בְּאַרְצֶ֡ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_24:13!14|MId=o100240130141|Strong=0871a 24 אַרְצ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=land|Ref=2SA_24:13!14|MId=o100240130142|Strong=0776 25 ֶ֡ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=2SA_24:13!14|MId=o100240130143|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 26 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 29 mark _ Gloss=or?|Ref=2SA_24:13!15|MId=o100240130151|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 27 שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 nummod _ Gloss=three|Ref=2SA_24:13!16|MId=o100240130161|Strong=7969|Type=cardinal_number 28 חֳ֠דָשִׁים חֹדֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 29 obl _ Gloss=months|Ref=2SA_24:13!17|MId=o100240130171|Strong=2320 29-32 נֻסְךָ֨לִפְנֵֽי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 נֻס נוּס VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 15 parataxis _ Gloss=fleeing|Ref=2SA_24:13!18|MId=o100240130181|Strong=5127|Frame=A0:100240130182;|Type=infinitive_construct 30 ְךָ֨ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ Gloss=your|Ref=2SA_24:13!18|MId=o100240130182|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 31 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=2SA_24:13!19|MId=o100240130191|Strong=3807a 32 פְנֵֽי־ פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 29 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=2SA_24:13!19|MId=o100240130192|Strong=6440 33-34 צָרֶ֜יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 צָרֶ֜י צַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 32 compound:smixut _ Gloss=foes|Ref=2SA_24:13!20|MId=o100240130201|Strong=6862a 34 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=2SA_24:13!20|MId=o100240130202|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 35-36 וְה֣וּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 37 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_24:13!21|MId=o100240130211|Strong=2050b 36 ה֣וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=2SA_24:13!21|MId=o100240130212|Strong=1931|Type=personal 37-38 רֹדְפֶ֗ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 רֹדְפ רָדַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 29 conj _ Gloss=[will|Ref=2SA_24:13!22|MId=o100240130221|Strong=7291|Frame=A0:100240130212;A1:100240130222;|Type=participle_active 38 ֶ֗ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 37 obj _ Gloss=be].pursuing.you|Ref=2SA_24:13!22|MId=o100240130222|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 39-40 וְאִם־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 46 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_24:13!23|MId=o100240130231|Strong=2050b 40 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 46 mark _ Gloss=or?|Ref=2SA_24:13!23|MId=o100240130232|Strong=0518 41 הֱ֠יוֹת הָיָה AUX _ HebBinyan=QAL 46 cop _ Gloss=to.be|Ref=2SA_24:13!24|MId=o100240130241|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:100240130271;|Type=infinitive_construct 42 שְׁלֹ֨שֶׁת שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 43 nummod _ Gloss=three|Ref=2SA_24:13!25|MId=o100240130251|Strong=7969|Type=cardinal_number 43 יָמִ֥ים יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 46 obl _ Gloss=days|Ref=2SA_24:13!26|MId=o100240130261|Strong=3117 44 דֶּ֙בֶר֙ דֶּבֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 46 nsubj _ Gloss=pestilence|Ref=2SA_24:13!27|MId=o100240130271|Strong=1698 45-47 בְּאַרְצֶ֔ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 46 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_24:13!28|MId=o100240130281|Strong=0871a 46 אַרְצ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 15 conj _ Gloss=land|Ref=2SA_24:13!28|MId=o100240130282|Strong=0776 47 ֶ֔ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 46 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=2SA_24:13!28|MId=o100240130283|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 48 עַתָּה֙ עַתָּה ADV _ _ 49 advmod _ Gloss=now|Ref=2SA_24:13!29|MId=o100240130291|Strong=6258 49 דַּ֣ע יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 15 parataxis _ Gloss=know|Ref=2SA_24:13!30|MId=o100240130301|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:100240130041;A1:100240130331;|Type=imperative 50-51 וּרְאֵ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 51 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_24:13!31|MId=o100240130311|Strong=2050b 51 רְאֵ֔ה רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 49 conj _ Gloss=see|Ref=2SA_24:13!31|MId=o100240130312|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:100240130041;A1:100240130331;|Type=imperative 52 מָה־ מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 53 advmod _ Gloss=what?|Ref=2SA_24:13!32|MId=o100240130321|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative|SpaceAfter=No 53 אָשִׁ֥יב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 49 ccomp _ Gloss=will.I.bring.back|Ref=2SA_24:13!33|MId=o100240130331|Strong=7725|Frame=AA:100240130021;A0:100240130341;A1:100240130351;|Type=yiqtol 54-55 שֹׁלְחִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 שֹׁלְח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 53 obj _ Gloss=the.[one|Ref=2SA_24:13!34|MId=o100240130341|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:100240120071;A1:100240130342;|Type=participle_active 55 ִ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 54 nmod:poss _ Gloss=who].sent.me|Ref=2SA_24:13!34|MId=o100240130342|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 56 דָּבָֽר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 53 xcomp _ Gloss=word|Ref=2SA_24:13!35|MId=o100240130351|Strong=1697|SpaceAfter=No 57 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 56 punct _ Ref=2SA_24:13!35|SpaceAfter=No 58 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 56 punct _ Ref=2SA_24:13!35 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּבֹא־ *he went* | wayyiqtol · qal | גָד *Gad* | | | | | יַּגֶּד־ *he told* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | גָד *Gad* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | גָד *Gad* | | | | | תָבוֹא *it come?* | yiqtol · qal | רָעָב *famine* | | | | | נֻס *fleeing* | infinitive construct · qal | ְךָ *your* | | | | | רֹדְפ *\[will* | participle active · qal | הוּא *he* | ֶךָ *be\] pursuing you* | | | | הֱיוֹת *to be* | infinitive construct · qal | דֶּבֶר *pestilence* | | | | | דַּע *know* | imperative · qal | דָּוִד *David* | אָשִׁיב *will I bring back* | | | | רְאֵה *see* | imperative · qal | דָּוִד *David* | אָשִׁיב *will I bring back* | | | | אָשִׁיב *will I bring back* | yiqtol · hiphil | שֹׁלְח *the \[one* | דָּבָֽר *word* | | גָד *Gad* | | שֹׁלְח *the \[one* | participle active · qal | | ִי *who\] sent me* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲתָא גָד לְוַת דָוִד וְחַוֵי לֵיהּ וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ הֲתָעוֹל לָךְ שְׁבַע שְׁנִין כַּפְנָא בְּאַרְעָךְ אִם תְּלָתָא יַרְחִין תְּהֵי עָרִיק קֳדָם סַנְאָךְ וְהוּא רָדִיף לָךְ וְאִם מֶהֱוֵה תְּלָתָא יוֹמִין מוֹתָא בְּאַרְעָךְ כְּעַן דַע וַחֲזֵי מָה אֲתִיב שֹׁלְחִי פִּתְגָמָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [So Gad came to David, and told him, and said unto him: 'Shall seven years of famine come unto thee in thy land? or wilt thou flee three months before thy foes while they pursue thee? or shall there be three days' pestilence in thy land? now advise thee, and consider what answer I shall return to Him that sent Me.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.769/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:682`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 24:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.24.12/) - next →: [2 Samuel 24:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.24.14/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/24/)