--- title: 2 Samuel 3:18 — now then do it; for the LORD hath spoken of David, saying: By the ha… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: now then do it; for the LORD hath spoken of David, saying: By the hand of My servant David I will save My people Israel out of the hand of the Philistines, and out of the hand of all their enemies.' Who acts: you, LORD, I. 2 Samuel 3:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 a --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.3.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/3/) / 3:18 # 2 Samuel 3:18 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** you, LORD, I · **What happens:** do, speak, say, save · **To what, where:** communication, people, hand · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 3:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, LORD, I — and what happens in the verse to communication, people, hand, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְעַתָּ֖ה עֲשׂ֑וּ כִּ֣י יְהוָ֗ה אָמַ֤ר אֶל־דָּוִד֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בְּיַ֣ד ׀ דָּוִ֣ד עַבְדִּ֗י הוֹשִׁ֜יעַ אֶת־עַמִּ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מִיַּ֣ד פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וּמִיַּ֖ד כָּל־אֹיְבֵיהֶֽם׃ [now then do it; for the LORD hath spoken of David, saying: By the hand of My servant David I will save My people Israel out of the hand of the Philistines, and out of the hand of all their enemies.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.88/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:76 # text = וְעַתָּ֖ה עֲשׂ֑וּ כִּ֣י יְהוָ֗ה אָמַ֤ר אֶל־דָּוִד֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בְּיַ֣ד ׀ דָּוִ֣ד עַבְדִּ֗י הוֹשִׁ֜יעַ אֶת־עַמִּ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מִיַּ֣ד פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וּמִיַּ֖ד כָּל־אֹיְבֵיהֶֽם׃ # verse = 2SA.3.18 1-2 וְעַתָּ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_3:18!1|MId=o100030180011|Strong=2050b 2 עַתָּ֖ה עַתָּה ADV _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=2SA_3:18!1|MId=o100030180012|Strong=6258 3 עֲשׂ֑וּ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 parataxis _ Gloss=act|Ref=2SA_3:18!2|MId=o100030180021|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:100030170051;|Type=imperative 4 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 6 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=2SA_3:18!3|MId=o100030180031|Strong=3588 5 יְהוָ֗ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 6 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=2SA_3:18!4|MId=o100030180041|Strong=3068 6 אָמַ֤ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=he.has.spoken|Ref=2SA_3:18!5|MId=o100030180051|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100030180041;|Type=qatal 7 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_3:18!6|MId=o100030180061|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 8 דָּוִד֙ דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 6 obl _ Gloss=David|Ref=2SA_3:18!7|MId=o100030180071|Strong=1732 9-10 לֵאמֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 17 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=2SA_3:18!8|MId=o100030180081|Strong=3807a 10 אמֹ֔ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 9 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=2SA_3:18!8|MId=o100030180082|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100030180041;|Type=infinitive_construct 11-12 בְּיַ֣ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=2SA_3:18!9|MId=o100030180091|Strong=0871a 12 יַ֣ד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=2SA_3:18!9|MId=o100030180092|Strong=3027 13 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 12 punct _ Ref=2SA_3:18!9 14 דָּוִ֣ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.David|Ref=2SA_3:18!10|MId=o100030180101|Strong=1732 15-16 עַבְדִּ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 עַבְדּ עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 appos _ Gloss=servant|Ref=2SA_3:18!11|MId=o100030180111|Strong=5650 16 ִ֗י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=2SA_3:18!11|MId=o100030180112|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 17 הוֹשִׁ֜יעַ יָשַׁע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 ccomp _ Gloss=to.deliver|Ref=2SA_3:18!12|MId=o100030180121|Strong=3467|Frame=AA:100030180041;A0:100030180141;|Type=qatal 18 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_3:18!13|MId=o100030180131|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 19-20 עַמִּ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 עַמּ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obj _ Gloss=people|Ref=2SA_3:18!14|MId=o100030180141|Strong=5971 20 ִ֤י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=2SA_3:18!14|MId=o100030180142|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 21 יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 19 appos _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=2SA_3:18!15|MId=o100030180151|Strong=3478 22-23 מִיַּ֣ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2SA_3:18!16|MId=o100030180161|Strong=4480 23 יַּ֣ד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=2SA_3:18!16|MId=o100030180162|Strong=3027 24 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].Philistines|Ref=2SA_3:18!17|MId=o100030180171|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 25-27 וּמִיַּ֖ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_3:18!18|MId=o100030180181|Strong=2050b 26 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2SA_3:18!18|MId=o100030180182|Strong=4480 27 יַּ֖ד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 23 conj _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=2SA_3:18!18|MId=o100030180183|Strong=3027 28 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.all|Ref=2SA_3:18!19|MId=o100030180191|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 29-30 אֹיְבֵיהֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 אֹיְבֵי אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=enemies|Ref=2SA_3:18!20|MId=o100030180201|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 30 הֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=2SA_3:18!20|MId=o100030180202|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=2SA_3:18!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עֲשׂוּ *act* | imperative · qal | | | | | | אָמַר *he has spoken* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | הוֹשִׁיעַ *to deliver* | qatal · hiphil | עַמּ *people* | | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּכְעַן עֲבִידוּ אֲרֵי יְיָ אֲמַר לְדָוִד לְמֵימַר בְּיַד דָוִד עַבְדִי אֶפְרוֹק יַת עַמִי יִשְׂרָאֵל מִידָא דִפְלִשְׁתָּאֵי וּמִיַד כָּל בַּעֲלֵי דְבָבֵיהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [now then do it; for the LORD hath spoken of David, saying: By the hand of My servant David I will save My people Israel out of the hand of the Philistines, and out of the hand of all their enemies.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.88/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:76`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 3:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.3.17/) - next →: [2 Samuel 3:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.3.19/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/3/)