--- title: 2 Samuel 3:8 — Then was Abner very wroth for the words of Ish-bosheth, and said: 'A… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then was Abner very wroth for the words of Ish-bosheth, and said: 'Am I a dog's head that belongeth to Judah? This day do I show kindness unto the house of Saul thy father, to his brethren, and to his friends, and have not delivered thee into the hand of David, and yet thou chargest me this day with --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.3.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/3/) / 3:8 # 2 Samuel 3:8 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** Abner, I, head, thou, fault · **What happens:** be, say, belong, show, not deliver, charge · **To what, where:** head, Judah, kindness, brethren, thee, hand · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 3:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Abner, I, head, thou, fault — and what happens in the verse to head, Judah, kindness, brethren, thee, hand, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּחַר֩ לְאַבְנֵ֨ר מְאֹ֜ד עַל־דִּבְרֵ֣י אִֽישׁ־בֹּ֗שֶׁתאִֽישׁ־בֹּ֗שֶׁת וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הֲרֹ֨אשׁ כֶּ֥לֶב אָנֹ֘כִי֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לִֽיהוּדָה֒ הַיּ֨וֹם אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־חֶ֜סֶד עִם־בֵּ֣ית ׀ שָׁא֣וּל אָבִ֗יךָ אֶל־אֶחָיו֙ וְאֶל־מֵ֣רֵעֵ֔הוּ וְלֹ֥א הִמְצִיתִ֖ךָ בְּיַד־דָּוִ֑ד וַתִּפְקֹ֥ד עָלַ֛י עֲוֺ֥ן הָאִשָּׁ֖ה הַיּֽוֹם׃ [Then was Abner very wroth for the words of Ish-bosheth, and said: 'Am I a dog's head that belongeth to Judah?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.76/) [This day do I show kindness unto the house of Saul thy father, to his brethren, and to his friends, and have not delivered thee into the hand of David, and yet thou chargest me this day with a fault concerning this woman.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.77/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:66 # text = וַיִּחַר֩ לְאַבְנֵ֨ר מְאֹ֜ד עַל־דִּבְרֵ֣י אִֽישׁ־בֹּ֗שֶׁתאִֽישׁ־בֹּ֗שֶׁת וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הֲרֹ֨אשׁ כֶּ֥לֶב אָנֹ֘כִי֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לִֽיהוּדָה֒ הַיּ֨וֹם אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־חֶ֜סֶד עִם־בֵּ֣ית ׀ שָׁא֣וּל אָבִ֗יךָ אֶל־אֶחָיו֙ וְאֶל־מֵ֣רֵעֵ֔הוּ וְלֹ֥א הִמְצִיתִ֖ךָ בְּיַד־דָּוִ֑ד וַתִּפְקֹ֥ד עָלַ֛י עֲוֺ֥ן הָאִשָּׁ֖ה הַיּֽוֹם׃ # verse = 2SA.3.8 1-2 וַיִּחַר֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_3:8!1|MId=o100030080011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּחַר֩ חָרָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.burned|Ref=2SA_3:8!1|MId=o100030080012|Strong=2734|Frame=A0:;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 לְאַבְנֵ֨ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_3:8!2|MId=o100030080021|Strong=3807a 4 אַבְנֵ֨ר אַבְנֵר PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Abner|Ref=2SA_3:8!2|MId=o100030080022|Strong=0074 5 מְאֹ֜ד מְאֹד ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=exceedingly|Ref=2SA_3:8!3|MId=o100030080031|Strong=3966 6 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2SA_3:8!4|MId=o100030080041|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 7 דִּבְרֵ֣י דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=the.words|Ref=2SA_3:8!5|MId=o100030080051|Strong=1697 8-9 אִֽישׁ־בֹּ֗שֶׁתאִֽישׁ־בֹּ֗שֶׁת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 אִֽישׁ־בֹּ֗שֶׁת אִישׁ־בֹּשֶׁת PROPN _ _ 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=2SA_3:8!6|MId=o100030080061 9 אִֽישׁ־בֹּ֗שֶׁת אִישׁבֹשֶׁת PROPN _ _ 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Ish-bosheth|Ref=2SA_3:8!7|MId=o100030080071 10-11 וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_3:8!8|MId=o100030080081|Strong=2050b 11 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=2SA_3:8!8|MId=o100030080082|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100030080022;|Type=wayyiqtol 12-13 הֲרֹ֨אשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 13 advmod _ Gloss=[the]|Ref=2SA_3:8!9|MId=o100030080091|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 13 רֹ֨אשׁ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 ccomp _ Gloss=head?|Ref=2SA_3:8!9|MId=o100030080092|Strong=7218 14 כֶּ֥לֶב כֶּלֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.a.dog|Ref=2SA_3:8!10|MId=o100030080101|Strong=3611 15 אָנֹ֘כִי֮ אָנֹכִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ Gloss=[am].I|Ref=2SA_3:8!11|MId=o100030080111|Strong=0595|Type=personal 16 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 18 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=2SA_3:8!12|MId=o100030080121|Strong=0834|Type=relative 17-18 לִֽיהוּדָה֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לִֽ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=[belongs].to|Ref=2SA_3:8!13|MId=o100030080131|Strong=3807a 18 יהוּדָה֒ יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 13 acl:relcl _ Gloss=Judah|Ref=2SA_3:8!13|MId=o100030080132|Strong=3063 19-20 הַיּ֨וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=2SA_3:8!14|MId=o100030080141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 יּ֨וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=2SA_3:8!14|MId=o100030080142|Strong=3117 21 אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 13 parataxis _ Gloss=I.show|Ref=2SA_3:8!15|MId=o100030080151|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:100030080022;A1:100030080151;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 22 חֶ֜סֶד חֶסֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 obj _ Gloss=loyalty|Ref=2SA_3:8!16|MId=o100030080161|Strong=2617 23 עִם־ עִם ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=2SA_3:8!17|MId=o100030080171|Strong=5973|SpaceAfter=No 24 בֵּ֣ית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 obl _ Gloss=the.house|Ref=2SA_3:8!18|MId=o100030080181|Strong=1004 25 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 24 punct _ Ref=2SA_3:8!18 26 שָׁא֣וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Saul|Ref=2SA_3:8!19|MId=o100030080191|Strong=7586 27-28 אָבִ֗יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 אָבִ֗י אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 appos _ Gloss=father|Ref=2SA_3:8!20|MId=o100030080201|Strong=0001 28 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=2SA_3:8!20|MId=o100030080202|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 29 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_3:8!21|MId=o100030080211|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 30-31 אֶחָיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 אֶחָי אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 21 obl _ Gloss=brothers|Ref=2SA_3:8!22|MId=o100030080221|Strong=0251 31 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_3:8!22|MId=o100030080222|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 32-33 וְאֶל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_3:8!23|MId=o100030080231|Strong=2050b 33 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_3:8!23|MId=o100030080232|Strong=0413 34-35 מֵ֣רֵעֵ֔הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 מֵ֣רֵע מֵרֵעַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 conj _ Gloss=friend[s]|Ref=2SA_3:8!24|MId=o100030080241|Strong=4828 35 ֵ֔הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his.close|Ref=2SA_3:8!24|MId=o100030080242|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 36-37 וְלֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_3:8!25|MId=o100030080251|Strong=2050b 37 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 38 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=2SA_3:8!25|MId=o100030080252|Strong=3808|Type=negative 38-39 הִמְצִיתִ֖ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 הִמְצִיתִ֖ מָצָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 21 conj _ Gloss=I|Ref=2SA_3:8!26|MId=o100030080261|Strong=4672|Frame=AA:100030080022;A0:100030080252;|Type=qatal 39 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 38 obj _ Gloss=have.delivered.you|Ref=2SA_3:8!26|MId=o100030080262|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 40-41 בְּיַד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 41 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_3:8!27|MId=o100030080271|Strong=0871a 41 יַד־ יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 38 obl _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=2SA_3:8!27|MId=o100030080272|Strong=3027 42 דָּוִ֑ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 41 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.David|Ref=2SA_3:8!28|MId=o100030080281|Strong=1732 43-44 וַתִּפְקֹ֥ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 44 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_3:8!29|MId=o100030080291|Strong=2050b 44 תִּפְקֹ֥ד פָּקַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 21 conj _ Gloss=you.have.visited|Ref=2SA_3:8!29|MId=o100030080292|Strong=6485|Frame=A0:100030080061;A1:100030080301;|Type=wayyiqtol 45-46 עָלַ֛י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 עָל עַל ADP _ _ 46 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2SA_3:8!30|MId=o100030080301|Strong=5921 46 ַ֛י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 44 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=2SA_3:8!30|MId=o100030080302|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 47 עֲוֺ֥ן עָוֺן NOUN _ Number=Sing 44 obj _ Gloss=the.guilt|Ref=2SA_3:8!31|MId=o100030080311|Strong=5771 48-49 הָאִשָּׁ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 49 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=2SA_3:8!32|MId=o100030080321|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 49 אִשָּׁ֖ה אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 47 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.woman|Ref=2SA_3:8!32|MId=o100030080322|Strong=0802 50-51 הַיּֽוֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 51 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=2SA_3:8!33|MId=o100030080331|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 51 יּֽוֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 44 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=2SA_3:8!33|MId=o100030080332|Strong=3117 52 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 51 punct _ Ref=2SA_3:8!33 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּחַר *it burned* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַבְנֵר *Abner* | | | | | אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־ *I show* | yiqtol · qal | אַבְנֵר *Abner* | אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־ *I show* | | | | **not** הִמְצִיתִ *I* | qatal · hiphil | לֹא *not* | | | אַבְנֵר *Abner* | | תִּפְקֹד *you have visited* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִֽישׁ־בֹּשֶׁת *of* | עָל *on* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּתְקֵיף לְאַבְנֵר לַחֲדָא עַל פִּתְגָמֵי אִישׁ בֹּשֶׁת וַאֲמַר הֲלָא רֵישָׁא דְכַלְבָּא אֲנָא מִכְּעַן הֲוֵיתִי גְבַר הֶדְיוֹט לִשְׁאָרָא דְבֵית יְהוּדָה יוֹמָא דֵין אַעְבֵּיד טִיבוּ עִם בֵּית שָׁאוּל אֲבוּךְ עִם אֲחוֹהִי וְעִם רַחֲמוֹהִי וְלָא מְסַרְתִּיךְ בִּידָא דְדָוִד וּמִכְּעַן אַתְּ מַסְעַר עָלַי חוֹב אִתְּתָא יוֹמָא דֵין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then was Abner very wroth for the words of Ish-bosheth, and said: 'Am I a dog's head that belongeth to Judah?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.76/) 2. [This day do I show kindness unto the house of Saul thy father, to his brethren, and to his friends, and have not delivered thee into the hand of David, and yet thou chargest me this day with a fault concerning this woman.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.77/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:66`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 3:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.3.7/) - next →: [2 Samuel 3:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.3.9/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/3/)