--- title: 2 Samuel 4:10 — when one told me, saying: Behold, Saul is dead, and he was in his ow… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: when one told me, saying: Behold, Saul is dead, and he was in his own eyes as though he brought good tidings, I took hold of him, and slew him in Ziklag, instead of giving a reward for his tidings. Who acts: one, Saul, LORD, I. 2 Samuel 4:10 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.4.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/4/) / 4:10 # 2 Samuel 4:10 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** one, Saul, LORD, I · **What happens:** tell, say, be, bring, take, slay · **To what, where:** me, own eyes, good tidings, hold, LORD, Ziklag · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 4:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — one, Saul, LORD, I — and what happens in the verse to me, own eyes, good tidings, hold, LORD, Ziklag, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּ֣י הַמַּגִּיד֩ לִ֨י לֵאמֹ֜ר הִנֵּה־מֵ֣ת שָׁא֗וּל וְהֽוּא־הָיָ֤ה כִמְבַשֵּׂר֙ בְּעֵינָ֔יו וָאֹחֲזָ֣ה ב֔וֹ וָאֶהְרְגֵ֖הוּ בְּצִֽקְלָ֑ג אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְתִתִּי־ל֖וֹ בְּשֹׂרָֽה׃ [when one told me, saying: Behold, Saul is dead, and he was in his own eyes as though he brought good tidings, I took hold of him, and slew him in Ziklag, instead of giving a reward for his tidings.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.123/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:107 # text = כִּ֣י הַמַּגִּיד֩ לִ֨י לֵאמֹ֜ר הִנֵּה־מֵ֣ת שָׁא֗וּל וְהֽוּא־הָיָ֤ה כִמְבַשֵּׂר֙ בְּעֵינָ֔יו וָאֹחֲזָ֣ה ב֔וֹ וָאֶהְרְגֵ֖הוּ בְּצִֽקְלָ֑ג אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְתִתִּי־ל֖וֹ בְּשֹׂרָֽה׃ # verse = 2SA.4.10 1 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 15 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=2SA_4:10!1|MId=o100040100011|Strong=3588 2-3 הַמַּגִּיד֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 3 mark _ Gloss=the.[one|Ref=2SA_4:10!2|MId=o100040100021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 מַּגִּיד֩ נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 15 dislocated _ Gloss=who].told|Ref=2SA_4:10!2|MId=o100040100022|Strong=5046|Frame=A0:100010130042;|Type=participle_active 4-5 לִ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 ל לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_4:10!3|MId=o100040100031|Strong=3807a 5 ִ֨י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=2SA_4:10!3|MId=o100040100032|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 6-7 לֵאמֹ֜ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 9 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=2SA_4:10!4|MId=o100040100041|Strong=3807a 7 אמֹ֜ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 6 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=2SA_4:10!4|MId=o100040100042|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100010130042;A1:100040100061;|Type=infinitive_construct 8 הִנֵּה־ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 9 discourse _ Gloss=here!|Ref=2SA_4:10!5|MId=o100040100051|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative|SpaceAfter=No 9 מֵ֣ת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 advcl _ Gloss=he.has.died|Ref=2SA_4:10!6|MId=o100040100061|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:100040100071;|Type=qatal 10 שָׁא֗וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 9 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=2SA_4:10!7|MId=o100040100071|Strong=7586 11-12 וְהֽוּא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_4:10!8|MId=o100040100081|Strong=2050b 12 הֽוּא־ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=2SA_4:10!8|MId=o100040100082|Strong=1931|Type=personal 13 הָיָ֤ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 15 cop _ Gloss=he.was|Ref=2SA_4:10!9|MId=o100040100091|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:100040100082;|Type=qatal 14-15 כִמְבַשֵּׂר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 כִ כְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=like.[one]|Ref=2SA_4:10!10|MId=o100040100101|Strong=3509a 15 מְבַשֵּׂר֙ בָּשַׂר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=bearing.news|Ref=2SA_4:10!10|MId=o100040100102|Strong=1319|Type=participle_active 16-18 בְּעֵינָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_4:10!11|MId=o100040100111|Strong=0871a 17 עֵינָ֔י עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Dual 15 obl _ Gloss=his.own|Ref=2SA_4:10!11|MId=o100040100112|Strong=5869 18 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=eyes|Ref=2SA_4:10!11|MId=o100040100113|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 19-21 וָאֹחֲזָ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_4:10!12|MId=o100040100121|Strong=2050b 20 אֹחֲז אָחַז VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 15 conj _ Gloss=I|Ref=2SA_4:10!12|MId=o100040100122|Strong=0270|Frame=A0:100040090021;|Type=wayyiqtol 21 ָ֣ה ה X _ _ 20 nmod _ Gloss=took.hold|Ref=2SA_4:10!12|MId=o100040100123|Strong=1886j|Type=paragogic_he 22-23 ב֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2SA_4:10!13|MId=o100040100131|Strong=0871a 23 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_4:10!13|MId=o100040100132|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 24-26 וָאֶהְרְגֵ֖הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_4:10!14|MId=o100040100141|Strong=2050b 25 אֶהְרְג הָרַג VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 15 conj _ Gloss=I|Ref=2SA_4:10!14|MId=o100040100142|Strong=2026|Frame=A0:100040090021;A1:100040100143;|Type=wayyiqtol 26 ֵ֖הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obj _ Gloss=killed.him|Ref=2SA_4:10!14|MId=o100040100143|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 27-28 בְּצִֽקְלָ֑ג _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_4:10!15|MId=o100040100151|Strong=0871a 28 צִֽקְלָ֑ג צִקְלַג PROPN _ _ 25 obl _ Gloss=Ziklag|Ref=2SA_4:10!15|MId=o100040100152|Strong=6860 29 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 31 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=2SA_4:10!16|MId=o100040100161|Strong=0834|Type=relative 30-32 לְתִתִּי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=I|Ref=2SA_4:10!17|MId=o100040100171|Strong=3807a 31 תִתּ נָתַן VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 15 parataxis _ Gloss=gave|Ref=2SA_4:10!17|MId=o100040100172|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:100040100173;A1:100040100191;|Type=infinitive_construct 32 ִי־ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ Gloss=me|Ref=2SA_4:10!17|MId=o100040100173|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 33-34 ל֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 ל לְ ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_4:10!18|MId=o100040100181|Strong=3807a 34 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_4:10!18|MId=o100040100182|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 35 בְּשֹׂרָֽה בְּשֹׂרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 31 obj _ Gloss=news|Ref=2SA_4:10!19|MId=o100040100191|Strong=1309|SpaceAfter=No 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=2SA_4:10!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | מַּגִּיד *who\] told* | participle active · hiphil | | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | | מֵת *he has died* | | | | מֵת *he has died* | qatal · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | הָיָה *he was* | qatal · qal | הֽוּא־ *he* | | | | | אֹחֲז *I* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | אֶהְרְג *I* | wayyiqtol · qal | | ֵהוּ *killed him* | | | | תִתּ *gave* | infinitive construct · qal | ִי־ *me* | בְּשֹׂרָֽה *news* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אֲרֵי דְחַוֵי לִי לְמֵימַר הָא מִית שָׁאוּל וְהוּא הֲוָה כִּמְבַשֵׂר בְּעֵינֵי נַפְשֵׁיהּ וַאֲחָדִית בֵּיהּ וּקְטַלְתֵּיהּ בְּצִקְלָג דַהֲוָה מְדַמִי לְמִתַּן לֵיהּ מַתְּנַת בְּסוֹרָתֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [when one told me, saying: Behold, Saul is dead, and he was in his own eyes as though he brought good tidings, I took hold of him, and slew him in Ziklag, instead of giving a reward for his tidings.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.123/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:107`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 4:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.4.9/) - next →: [2 Samuel 4:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.4.11/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/4/)